Taurine, a possible urinary marker of liver damage: a study of taurine excretion in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats

Abstract

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) caused a dose-dependent increase in urinary taurine which correlated with both the histological and biochemical assessment of liver damage. The peak elevation in urinary taurine occurred within the first 48 h after dosing but there was still significant taurinuria 72 and 96 h after the intermediate dose (1 ml.kg⁻¹) and highest dose (2 ml.kg⁻¹), respectively. Levels of taurine in serum were also elevated over the 24 h period following a hepatotoxic dose (2 ml.kg⁻¹) of CCl₄. In contrast, although initially elevated, levels of taurine in the liver declined over the 24 h period following dosing and were significantly lower 96 h after a hepatotoxic dose of CCl₄ (2 ml.kg⁻¹). Male rats showed a different urinary profile for taurine than female rats after dosing with CCl₄. A reduction in food intake seemed to lower urinary taurine levels although these changes were not statistically significant. There was a significant correlation between the level of urinary taurine and the level of serum AST for individual animals given a hepatotoxic dose of CCl₄ (2 ml.kg⁻¹). The data presented suggest that: i) taurine is produced by the liver in response to a toxic insult and subsequent leakage from damaged cells leads to increased levels in the urine; ii) the urinary taurine level may be a useful non-invasive marker of liver damage.