Summary
A kinetic analysis of anion self-exchange in human red blood cells, in the presence of an irreversible inhibitor, is presented and applied to the study of the inactivation of sulfate transport by three isothiocyanates: 3-isothiocyano-1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt (INDS), 1-isothiocyano-4-naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt, monohydrate (INS), and 1-isothiocyano-4-benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, monohydrate (IBS). The time dependence of the inhibition of sulfate transport by the isothiocyanates used could be described by a single exponential and could be shown to contain a reversible and an irreversible component. In each case a portion of sulfate efflux was found to be resistant to inactivation. The residual portion of the sulfate efflux varied with inhibition: 4% for INS, 16% for INDS, and 34% for IBS. INS showed the largest reversible inhibitory effect (12% of the flux remaining at 0.2mm inhibitor concentration), while INDS showed the weakest effect (92% of the flux remaining at 0.3mm inhibitor concentration). IBS had the highest rate of inactivation while INDS had the lowest. The kinetic analysis further suggests that all three isothiocyanates bind reversibly to an inhibitory site on the membrane before they bind covalently, and therefore irreversibly, to the same site on the membrane. The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the reversibly-bound complex,K i, and the rate of irreversible inactivation after all membrane sites are reversibly bound,k max, have been computed for all three inhibitors: INDS (K i=420μm,k max=5.04 hr−1), INS (K i=148 μm,k max=6.48 hr−1), and IBS (K i=208 μm,k max=8.11 hr−1).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aldridge, W.N. 1950. Some properties of specific cholinesterase with particular reference to the mechanism of inhibition by diethyl,p-Nitrophenyl thiophosphate (E603) and analogues.Biochem. J. 46:451
Baker, B.R. 1967. Design of Active-Site-Directed Irreversible Enzyme Inhibitors. pp. 123–126. John Wiley, New York
Braunitzer, G., Schrank, B., Ruhfus, A. 1971. Zur vollständigen Automatischen Sequenz Analyze von Peptiden mit Quadrol.Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 352:1730
Cabantchik, Z.I., Rothstein, A. 1972. The nature of the membrane sites controlling anion permeability of human red blood cells as determined by studies with disulfonic stilbene derivatives.J. Membrane Biol. 10:311
Cabantchik, Z.I., Rothstein, A. 1974. Membrane proteins related to anion permeability of human red blood cells. I. Localization of disulfonic stilbene binding sites in proteins involved in permeation.J. Membrane Biol. 15:207
Dacie, J.V., Lewis, S.M. 1968. Practical Hematology. p. 481. Grunn & Statton, New York
Defares, J.G., Sneddon, I.N. 1960. An introduction to the mathematics of medicine and biology. pp. 582–590. Year Book Publishers, Chicago
Gardos, G., Hoffman, J.F., Passow, H. 1969. Flux measurements in erythrocytes.In: Laboratory Techniques in Membrane Biophysics. H. Passow and R. Stämpfli, editors. pp. 9–20. Springer-Verlag, New York
Hanes, C.S. 1932. Studies on plant amylases. I. The effect of starch concentration upon the velocity of hydrolysis by amylase of germinated barley.Biochem. J. 26:1406
Ho, M.K., Guidotti, G. 1975. A membrane protein from human erythrocytes involved in anion exchange.J. Biol. Chem. 250:675
Kitchen, B.J., Andrews, P. 1974. Kinetic studies on the effect of uridine diphosphate galactose and manganous ions on the reaction between lactose synthetase A protein from human milk andp-hydroxymercuribenzoate.Biochem. J. 143:587
Kitz, R., Wilson, I.B. 1962. Esters of methanesulfonic acid as irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.J. Biol. Chem. 237:3245
Knauf, P.A., Rothstein, A. 1971. Chemical modification of membranes. I. Effects of sulfhydryl and amino reactive reagents on anion and cation permeability of the human red blood cell.J. Gen. Physiol. 58:190
Koshland, D.E. 1970. The molecular basis for enzyme regulation. In. Enzymes (3rd ed.) Vol. I, p. 341. Academic Press, New York
Lepke, S., Fasold, H., Pring, M., Passow, H. 1976. A study of the relationship between inhibition of anion exchange and binding to the red blood cell membrane of 4,4′-diisothiocyano stilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and its dihydro derivative (H2DIDS).J. Membrane Biol. 29:147
Levy, H.M., Leber, P.D., Ryan, E.M. 1963. Inactivation of myosin by 2,4-dinitrophenol and protection by adenosine triphosphate and other phosphate compounds.J. Biol. Chem. 238:3654
Magee, S.C., Ebner, K.E. 1974. Inactivation of soluble bovine milk galactosyl transferase by sulfhydryl reagents and trypsin.J. Biol. Chem. 249:6992
Rakitzis, E.T. 1974. Kinetics of irreversible enzyme inhibition by an unstable inhibitor.Biochem. J. 141:601
Rakitzis, E.T. 1977. Kinetics of irreversible enzyme inhibition: Cooperative effects.J. Theor. Biol. 67:49
Ray, W.J., Koshland, D.E. 1961. A method for characterizing the type and numbers of groups involved in enzyme action.J. Biol. Chem. 236:1975
Ray, W.J., Koshland, D.E. 1962. Identification of amino acids involved in phosphoglucomutase action.J. Biol. Chem. 237:2493
Schaeffer, H.J., Schwartz, M.A., Odin, E. 1967. Enzyme Inhibitors. XVIII. Kinetic studies on the irreversible inhibition of adenosine deaminase.J. Med. Chem. 10:686
Schramm, H., Lawson, W.B. 1963. Modifizierung eines Methioninrestes in Chymotrypsin durch einfache Benzolderivate.Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 332:97
Ship, S., Shami, Y., Breuer, W., Rothstein, A. 1977. Synthesis of tritiated 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′ stilbene disulfonic acid ([3H]DIDS) and its covalent reaction with sites related to anion transport in human red blood cells.J. Membrane Biol. 33:311
Tietze, E.. In Houben-Weyl. 1955. Methoden der Organischen Chemie. Vol. IX, pp. 876–877. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart
Zaki, L., Fasold, H., Schumann, B., Passow, H. 1975. Chemical modification of membrane proteins in relation to inhibition of anion exchange in human red blood cells.J. Cell. Physiol. 86:471
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rakitzis, E.T., Gilligan, P.J. & Hoffman, J.F. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of sulfate transport in human red blood cells by isothiocyanates. J. Membrain Biol. 41, 101–115 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972628
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01972628