References
A. Isaacs andJ. Lindenmann,Virus Interference: I. The Interferon, Proc. R. Soc. Med.147, 258–267 (1957).
A. K. Field, A. A. Tytell, G. P. Lampson andM. R. Hilleman,Inducers of Interferon and Host Resistance: II. Multistranded Synthetic Polynucleotide Complexes, Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.58, 1004–1010 (1967).
M. R. Hilleman,Double-Stranded RNAs (Poly I:C) in the Prevention of Viral Infections, Arch. int. Med.126, 109–124 (1970).
C. Colby andP. H. Duesberg,Double-Stranded RNA in Vaccinia Virus Infected Cells, Nature222, 940–944 (1969).
C. Colby andM.J. Chamberlin,The Specificity of Interferon Induction in Chick Embryo Cells by Helical RNA, Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.63, 160–167 (1969).
E. DeClercq andT.C. Merigan,Requirement of a Stable Secondary Structure for the Antiviral Activity of Polynucleotides, Nature222, 1148–1152 (1969).
J.H. Park andS. Baron,Herpetic Keratoconjunctivitis: Therapy with Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA, Science162, 811–813 (1968).
H. Gelboin andH.B. Levy,Effect of Polyinisonic Polycytidylic Acid on DMBA Carcinogenesis, Science167, 205–207 (1970).
H.B. Levy, L.W. Law andA.S. Rabson,Inhibition of Tumor Growth by Polyinosinic Polycytidylic Acid, Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.62, 357–361 (1969).
H.B. Levy,Interferon and Interferon Inducers in the Treatment of Malignancies, Arch. int. Med.126, 78–83 (1970).
H. Cantor, R. Asofsky andH.B. Levy,Effect of Polyinosinic Polycytidylic Acid on Graft vs Host Reaction, J. Immun.104, 1035–1038 (1970).
W. Braun andM. Nakano,Antibody Formation: Stimulation by Polyadenylic and Polycytidylic Acids, Science157, 819–821 (1967).
E. Mozes, G. M. Shearer, M. Sela andW. Braun,Conversion with Polynucleotides of a Genetically Controlled Low Immune Response to a High Response in Mice Immunized with a Synthetic Polypeptide Antigen, in: Symposium on Biological Effects of Polynucleotides (Eds. R.F. Beers and W. Braun; Springer-Verlag, New York), in press.
W. Braun, M. Ishizuka, Y. Yajima, D. Webb andR. Winchurch,Spectrum and Mode of Action of Poly A:U in the Stimulation of Immune Responses, in: Symposium on Biological Effects of Polynucleotides (Eds. R.F. Beers and W. Braun; Springer-Verlag, New York), in press.
A. G. Johnson, R. E. Cone, H. M. Friedman, I. H. Han, H. G. Johnson, J. R. Schmidtke andR. G. Stout,Stimulation of the Immune System by Homopolyribonucleotides, in: Symposium on Biological Effects of Polynucleotides (Eds. R. F. Beers and W. Braun; Springer-Verlag, New York), in press.
R. C. Mellors, T. Aoki andR. J. Ruebner,Further Implications of Murine Leukemia-Like Virus in the Disorders of NZB Mice, J. exp. Med.129, 1045–1062 (1968).
G. Tonietti, M. B. A. Oldstone andF. J. Dixon,The Effect of Induced Chronic Viral Infections on the Immunologic Diseases of New Zealand Mice, J. exp. Med.132, 89–109 (1970).
A. D. Steinberg, S. H. Baron andN. Talal,The Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity in New Zealand Mice. I. Induction of Anti-Nucleic Acid Antibodies by Polyinosinic·Polycytidylic Acid, Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.63, 1102–1107 (1969).
A. D. Steinberg, T. Pincus andN. Talal,The Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity in New Zealand Mice. III. Factors Influencing the Formation of Anti-Nucleic Acid Antibodies, Immunology20, 523–531 (1971).
A. D. Steinberg, G. G. Daley andN. Talal,Tolerance to Polyinosinic·Polycytidylic Acid in NZB/NZW Mice, Science167, 870–871 (1970).
B. D. Stollar andV. Stollar,Immunofluorescent Demonstration of Double-Stranded RNA in the Cytoplasm of Sindbis Virus-Infected Cells, Virology42, 276–280 (1970).
R. H. Adamson, S. Fabro, E. R. Homan, R. W. O'Gara andR. P. Zendzian,Pharmacology of Polyriboinosinic: Polyribocytidylic Acid, a New Antiviral and Antitumor Agent. Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., p. 148–152 (1970).
P. A. Young, J. J. Taylor, M. C. Yu andE. Eyerman,Morphological Changes in Chick Cerebellum Induced by Poly I·Poly C, Nature228, 1191–1192 (1970).
M. Absher andW. R. Stinebring,Toxic Properties of a Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA, Nature223, 715–717 (1969).
M. Harris,Interferon: Clinical Application of Molecular Biology, Science170, 1068–1070 (1970).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Talal, N. The diverse biological effects of Polyinosinic·Polycytidylic acid. Agents and Actions 2, 45–49 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01965381
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01965381