Summary
Both 5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin (3) and the hitherto unrecognized 5-hydroxycreatinine (2-amino-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-imidazol-4(5H)-one or creatol) (6) can be isolated from the urine of uremic patients, in whom these compounds probably arise as oxidative metabolites of creatinine (1). The enhanced production of the well-known uremic toxin, methylguanidine (8), from creatinine (1) in such patients, almost certainly occurs via the newly recognized metabolite (6).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ienaga, K., Nakamura, K., Goto, T., and Konishi, J., Tetrahedron Lett.28 (1987) 4587.
Ienaga, K., Nakamura, K., Naka, F., and Goto, T., Biochim. biophys. Acta967 (1988) 441.
Ienaga, K., Nakamura, K., Ishii, A., Taga, T., Miwa, Y., and Yoneda, F., J. chem. Soc., Perkin Trans.I (1989) 1153.
Szulmajster, J., Biochem. biophys. Acta30 (1958) 154.
Jones, J.D., and Burnett, P.C., Kidney Int.7 (1975) 294.
Giovannetti, S., Balestri, P.L., and Barsotti, G., Archs int. Med.131 (1973) 709.
Yokozawa, T., Mo, Z. L., and Oura, H., Nephron51 (1989) 388.
Aoyagi, K., Nagase, S., Narita, M., and Tojo, S., Kidney Int.22 (1987) 229.
Nagase, S., Aoyagi, K., Narita, M., and Tojo, S., Nephron40 (1985) 470.
Giardini, O., Taccone-Gallucci, M., Lubrano, R., Ricciardi-Tenore, G., Bandino, D., Silvi, I., Ruberto, U., and Casciani, C. U., Nephron36 (1984) 235.
Giovannetti, S., Biagini, M., Balestri, P. L., Navalesi, R., Giagnoni, P., de Matleis, A., Ferro-Milone, P., and Perffetti, C., Clin. Sci.36 (1969) 445.
Yokozawa, T., Zheng, P. D., Oura, H., and Koizumi, F., Nephron44 (1986) 230.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nakamura, K., Ienaga, K. Creatol (5-hydroxycreatinine), a new toxin candidate in uremic patients. Experientia 46, 470–472 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01954234
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01954234