Summary
Active microorganisms can exist in any proposed environment if the basic requirements for life are satisfied, i.e. a suitable temperature and pH, the presence of the necessary nutrients and water. If conditions are not favourable microbes may survive in a dormant state until a change will allow activity. In local pockets microenvironments may become established where microbial activity may increase leading to altered environmental conditions and to changes in the near-field, e.g. degradation and breakdown of barriers, gas generation and/or uptake and transport of nuclides.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, M., Microbial Ecology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Toronto 1971.
Allard, B., Larson, S. A., Tullborg, E. L., and Wikberg, P., Chemistry of deep groundwaters from granite bedrock. KBS-TR-83-59, 1983.
Avogardro, A., and de Marsily, G., The role of colloids in nuclear waste disposal, in: Materials Research Society 26, pp. 495–505. Ed. G. L. McVay. Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management VII. New York 1983.
Ballester, A., Bláquez, M., González, F., and Barrill, M. A., Bioleaching of a lead matte, in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, pp. 508–509. Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
Beveridge, T. J., Role of cellular design in bacterial metal accumulation and mineralisation. A. Rev. Microbiol.43 (1989) 147–171.
Beveridge, T. J., and Murray, R. G. E., Uptake and retention of metals by cell walls ofBacillus subtilis. J. Bact.127 (1976) 1502–1518.
Beveridge, T. J., and Murray, R. G. E., Sites of metal deposition in the cell wall ofBacillus subtilis. J. Bact.141 (1980) 876–887.
Birch, L., and Bachofen, R., Effects of microorganisms on the environmental mobility of radionuclides. Soil Biochem.6 (1990) 483–527.
Birch, L., and Bachofen, R., Effects of microorganisms on the environmental mobility of radionuclides. Experientia46 (1990) 827–834.
Bossier, P., Hofte, M., and Verstraete, W., Ecological significance of siderophores in soil. Adv. microb. Ecol.10 (1988) 385–414.
Bridges, B., Survival of bacteria following exposure to ultraviolet and ionizing radiations, in The Survival of Vegetative Microbes, pp. 183–208. Eds T. R. G. Gray and J. R. Postgate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976.
Brierley, C. L., Bacterial leaching. CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol.6 (1978) 207–262.
Brock, T. D., Smith, D. W., and Madigan, M. T., Biology of microorganisms. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984.
Brunner, C., Wolf, M., and Bachofen, R., Enrichment of bitumen-degrading microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.43 (1987) 337–344.
Buckley, L. P., Clegg, B. C., and Oldham, W. K., Microbial activity in bituminized radioactive waste, in: Radioactive Waste Management and The Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Vol. 6, pp. 19–36 (1985).
Cameron, R. E., Honour, R. C., and Morelli, F. A., Antarctic microbiology—preparation for Mars life detection, quarantine and back contamination, in: Extreme Environments, Mechanisms of Microbial Adaption, pp. 57–82. Ed. M. R. Heinrich. Academic Press, London 1976.b
Colberg, P. J., Anaerobic microbial degradation of cellulose, lignin, oligolignols, and monoaromatic lignin derivatives, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 333–372. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Cristofi, N., and Philp, J. C., Microbiology of subterranean waste sites. Experientia (1990) in press.
Daniels, S. L., Mechanisms involved in sorption of microorganisms to solid surfaces, in: Adsorption of Microorganisms to Surfaces, pp. 7–58. Eds G. Bitton and K. C. Marshall, Wiley-Interscience, New York 1980.
Dayal, R., Pietrzak, R. F., and Clinton, J., Geochemistry of trench leachate at low-level radioactive waste burial sites. Intl. Assn. Hydrogeologists, Groundwater Intl. Symp. Montreal 1984, p. 336.
De Serres, F. J., Some aspects of the influence of environment on the radiosensitivity of microorganisms, in: Microbial Reaction to Environment, pp. 196–216. Eds G. G. Meynell and H. Gooder. University Press, Cambridge 1961.
Edwards, C., Thermophiles, in: Microbiology of Extreme Environments, pp. 1–32. Ed C. Edwards. Open University Press, Milton Keynes 1990.
Ehrlich, H. L., How microbes cope with heavy metals, arsenic and antimony in their environment, in: Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 381–408. Ed D. J. Kushner. Academic Press, London 1978.
Ehrlich, H. L., Geomicrobiology. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basel 1981.
Emery, T., Iron metabolism in humans and plants. Am. Sci.70 (1982) 626–632.
Francis, A. J., Dobbs, S., and Nine, B. J., Microbial activity of trench leachate from shallow land low-level radioactive waste disposal sites. Appl. envir. Microbiol.40 (1980) 108–113.
Fry, J. C., Oligotrophs, in: Microbiology of Extreme Environments, pp. 93–116. Ed. C. Edwards. Open University Press, Milton Keynes 1990.
Gadd, G. M., Fungal responses towards heavy metals, in: Microbes in Extreme Environments, pp. 83–110. Eds R. A. Herbert and G. A. Codd. Academic Press, London 1986.
Gadd, G. M., White, C., and de Rome, L., Heavy metal, and radionuclide uptake by fungi and yeasts, in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, pp. 421–435, Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
Gadd, G. M., Metal tolerance, in: Microbiology of Extreme Environments, pp. 178–210. Ed. C. Edwards. Open University Press, Milton Keynes 1990.
Galun, M., Keller, P., Malki, D., Feldstein, H., Galun, E., Siegel, S. M., and Siegel, B. Z., Removal of uranium (IV) from solution by fungal biomass and fungal wall-related biopolymers. Science219 (1983) 285–286.
Ghiorse, W. C., Microbial reduction of manganese and iron, in: Biology of anaerobic microorganisms, pp. 305–332. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Ghiorse, W. C., and Wilson, J. T., Microbial ecology of the terrestrial subsurface. Adv. appl. Microbiol.33 (1988) 107–172.
Grant, W. D., and Tindall, B. J., The alkaline saline environment, in: Microbes in Extreme Environments, pp. 25–54. Eds A. Herbert and G. A. Codd. Academic Press, London 1986.
Griffin, D. M., and Luard, E. J., Water stress and microbial ecology, in: Strategies of Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 49–63. Ed. M. Shilo, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1979.
Hallas L. E., Means, J. C., and Cooney, J. J., Methylation of tin by estuarine microorganisms. Science215 (1982) 1505–1507.
Herbert, R. A., The ecology and physiology of psychrophilic microorganisms, in: Microbes in Extreme Environments, pp. 1–24. Eds R. A. Herbert and G. A. Codd. Academic Press, London 1986.
Horikoshi, K., and Akiba, T., Alkalophilic Microorganisms—a New Microbial World. Japan Scientific Societies Press. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo 1982.
Horikoshi, K., Nakojima, T. A., and Sakaguchi, T., Uptake of uranium by various cell fractions ofChlorella vulgaris. Radioisotopes28 (1979) 485–488.
Jackson, K. S., Jonasson, I. R., and Skippen, G. B., The nature of metals-sediment-water interactions in fresh water bodies with emphasize on the role of organic matter. Earth Sci. Rev.14 (1978) 97–146.
Jackson, R. E., Adsorption of radionuclides in a fluvial-sand aquifer, in: Contaminants and Sediments (R. A. Baker, ed) 1, 311–329 (1980).
Jilsk, R., Prochazka, H., Stamberg, K., Katzer, J., and Nemec, P., Some properties and developments of cultivated biosorbent. Rudy23 (1975) 282–286.
Justyn, J., and Stanek, Z., Accumulation of natural radionuclides in the bottom sediments and by aquatic organisms of streams. Int. Revue ges Hydrobiol., Prague54 (1974) 593–609.
Kaiser, J. P., and Bollag, J. M., Microbial activity in the terrestrial subsurface. Experientia46 (1990) 797–806.
Kelly, D. P., Evolution of the understanding of the microbiology and biochemistry of the mineral leaching habitat, in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, pp. 3–14. Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
Khalid, Z. M., Mahmood, T., and Malik, K. A., Leaching of a carbonate-bearing uranium ore with a selected strain ofThiobacillus thiooxidans, in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, p. 524. Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
Kiel, H., and Schwartz, W., Leaching of a silicate and carbonate copper ore with heterotrophic fungi and bacteria, producing organic acids. Z. allg. Mikrobiol.20 (1980) 627–636.
Koch, A. L., Microbial growth in low concentrations of nutrients, in: Strategies of Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 261–279. Ed. M. Shilo. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1979.
Konetska, W. A., Microbiology of metal transformations, in: Microorganisms and Minerals, pp. 317–342. Ed. E. D. Weinberg. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,1977.
Kroll, R. G., Alkalophiles, in: Microbiology of Extreme Environments, pp. 55–92. Ed. C. Edwards Open University Press, Milton Keynes 1990.
Loutit, M. W., Aislabie, J., Bremer, P., and Pillidge, C., Bacteria and chromium in marine sediments. Adv. microb. Ecol.10 (1988) 415–438.
Lundgren, D. G., Vestaland, J. R., and Tabita, F. R., The microbiology of mine drainage pollution, in: Water Pollution Microbiology, pp. 69–88. Ed. R. Mitchell. Wiley-Interscience, New York 1972.
Luoma, S. N., Biovailability of trace metals to aquatic organisms. A review. Sci. tot. Envir.28 (1983) 1–22.
Lynch, J. M., and Hobbie, J. E., Microorganisms in Action: Concepts and Applications in Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1988.
Macaskie, L. E., and Dean, A. C. R., Uranium accumulation by immobilized biofilms of aCitrobacter sp., in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, pp. 556–557. Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
MacGregor, R. A., Recovery of U3O8 by underground leaching. Can. Min. Metall. Bull.59 (1966) 583–587.
Marquis, R. E., and Matsumura, P., Microbial life under pressure, in: Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 105–158. Ed. D. J. Kushner. Academic Press, London 1978.
Marquis, R. E., Microbial barobiology. Bio Science32 (1982) 267–271.
Marshall, K. C. Growth at interfaces in: Strategies of Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 281–290. Ed. M. Shilo. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1979.
McInerney, M. J., Anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation of fats and proteins, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 373–416. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
McKinley, I. G., West, J. M., and Grogan, H. A., An analytical overview of the consequences of microbial activity in a Swiss HLW repository. EIR-Bericht 562 (1985).
McNabb, J. F., and Dunlap, W. F., Subsurface biological activity in relation to groundwater pollution. Groundwater13 (1975) 33–44.
Means, J. L., Migration of radioactive wastes: Radionuclide mobilization by complexing agents. Science200 (1978) 1477–1481.
Morgan, P., and Dow, C. S., Bacterial adaptions for growth in low nutrient environments, in: Microbes in Extreme Environments, pp. 187–214. Eds R. A. Herbert and G. A. Codd. Academic Press, London 1986.
Morita, R. Y., Pressure as an extreme environment, in: Microbes in Extreme Environments, pp 171–186. Eds R. A. Herbert and G. A. Codd. Academic Press, London 1986.
Nasim, A., and James, A. P., Life under conditions of high irradiation, in: Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 409–439. Ed. D. J. Kushner Academic Press, London 1978.
Novik, R. P., Murphy, E., Gryczan, T. J., Baron, E., and Edelman, I., Penicillinase plasmids ofStaphylococcus aureus: Restriction-deletion maps. Plasmid2 (1979) 109–129.
Oremland, R. S., Biogeochemistry of methanogenic bacteria, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 641–706. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Phillip, M., Fedorak, D., Westlake, W. S., Anders, C., Krotochvil, B., Motkosky, N., Anderson, W. B., and Huck, P. M., Microbial release of226Ra2+ from (Ba,Ra)SO4 sludges from uranium mine wastes. Appl. envir. Microbiol.52 (1986) 262–268.
Rees, J. F., The fate of carbon compounds in the landfill disposal of organic matter. J. chem. Technol. Biotechnol.30 (1980) 161–175.
Roffey, R., Biodegradation of bitumen used for nuclear waste disposal. Experientia46 (1990) in press.
Rothstein, A., and Meyer, R., The relationship of the cell surface to metabolism. IV. The chemical nature of uranium-complexing groups of the cell surface. J. cell comp. Physiol.38 (1951) 245–270.
Schink, B., Principles and limits of anaerobic degradation: Environmental and technological aspects, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 771–846. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Smith, D. W., Water relations of microorganisms in nature, in: Microbial Life in Extreme Environments, pp. 369–380. Ed. D. J. Kushner. Academic Press, London 1978.
Stetter, K. O., Fiala, G., Huber, R., Huber, G., and Segerer, A., Life above the boiling point of water? Experientia42 (1986) 1187–1192.
Stouthamer, A. H., Dissimilatory reduction of oxidized nitrogen compounds, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 245–304. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Strandberg, G. W., Shumate, S. E. II, and Parrott, J. R. Jr, Microbial cells as biosorbents for heavy metals. Accumulations of uranium bySaccharomyces cerevisiae andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl. envir. Microbiol.41 (1981) 237–245.
Thauer, R. K., Jungermann, K., and Decker, K., Energy conservation in chemotrophic bacteria. Bact. Rev.41 (1977) 100–180.
Tiedje, J. M., Ecology of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 179–244. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Tsezos, M., The performance of a new biological adsorbent for metal recovery. Modeling and experimental results, in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, pp. 465–475. Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
Unsworth, B. A., Cross, T., Seaward, M. R. D., and Simms, R. E., The longevity of thermoactinomycete endospores in natural substrates. J. appl. Bact.42 (1977) 45–52.
Wainwright, M., Singleton, I., and Edyvean, R. G. J., Use of fungal mycelium to adsorb particulates from solution, in: Bio Hydro Metallurgy, Proc. International Symposium Warwick 1987, pp. 499–502. Eds P. R. Norris and D. P. Kelly. Science and Technology Letters, Kew 1988.
West, J. M., and Arme, S. C., Geomicrobiology and its relevance to nuclear waste disposal — a further annotated bibliography. BSG Report FLPU 84-9 (1984).
Welker, N. E., Microbial endurance and resistance to heat stress, in: The Survival of Vegetative Microbes, pp. 241–277. Eds T. R. G. Gray and J. R. Postgate. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976.
Widdel, F., Microbiology and ecology of sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 469–586. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Wolf, M., and Bachofen, R., Microbial degradation of bitumen. Experientia (1990) in press.
Wood, J. M., and Wang, H. K., Microbial resistance to heavy metals. Envir. Sci. Technol.17 (1983) 582A-590A.
Zajic, J. E., Microbial Biogeochemistry. Academic Press Inc. New York 1969.
Zajic, J. E., Gerson, D. F., and Camp, S. E., Biodegradation of asphaltenes and other hydrocarbons byPseudomonas. Canad. Fed. biol. Soc.12 (1977) 33–43.
Zehnder, A. J. B., and Svensson, B. H., Life without oxygen: what can and what cannot? Experientia42 (1986) 1197–1205.
Zehnder, A. J. B., and Stumm, W., Geochemistry and biogeochemistry of anaerobic habitats, in: Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 1–38. Ed. A. J. B. Zehnder. Wiley, New York 1988.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
McCabe, A. The potential significance of microbial activity in radioactive waste disposal. Experientia 46, 779–787 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01935524
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01935524