Skip to main content
Log in

Molecular deficiencies of human blood coagulation

  • Published:
Experientia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Blood coagulation reflects, the complex biological system resulting in the formation of thrombin and the subsequent conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Disorders of either thrombin or fibrin formation may cause bleeding states. Congential hemorrhagic disorders are characterized by either reduction of a coagulation factor or impairment of its functional capacity by structural aberrations. Immunological studies and direct molecular evaluation of fibrinogen demonstrate that both types of abnormalities occur. Functional evaluation of abnormal fibrinogens suggests that many different structural variants exist and variably influence interaction with thrombin, fibrin polymerization and fibrin ‘stabilization’. Similar studies performed on factors II, VII, VIII, IX, X and XIII indicate that qualitative abnormalities are more frequent than ‘true’ deficiency states. Such molecular abnormalities will become increasingly interesting and important as the biochemistry of normal coagulation progresses.

Zusammenfassung

Blut gerinnt, wenn das Gerinnungsferment Thrombin aktiviert wird und Fibrinogen in Fibrin umwandelt. Störungen der Thrombin- oder Fibrinbildung können Bluterkrankheiten verursachen. Die Ursache angeborener Bluterkrankheiten liegt entweder in der quantitativen Verminderung oder in qualitativen Strukturanomalien eines Gerinnungsfaktors. Immunologische Methoden im Verein mit einer beginnenden, direkten Strukturabklärung zeigten für das Fibrinogen überzeugend, dass beide Möglichkeiten vorkommen. Unterschiedliche Funktionsausfälle von Fibrinogen lassen vermuten, dass verschiedenartigen Strukturanomalien für Störungen der Substrateigenschaften gegenüber Thrombin, der Polymerisierung oder der Fibrinstabilisierung verantwortlich sind. Ähnliche Untersuchungen an den Faktoren II, VII, VIII, IX, X und XIII zeigen, dass wahrscheinlich die Mehrzahl der bekannten Bluterkrankheiten durch Strukturanomalien verursacht werden. Die eingehende Untersuchung solcher Strukturdefekte wird zukünftig um so interessanter und bedeutungsvoller werden, je besser die Struktur und Funktion der normalen Gerinnungsfaktoren bekannt sind.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Letiratur

  1. P. Morawitz, Erg. Physiol.4, 307 (1905).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. O. Hammarsten, Z. physiol. Chem.28, 98 (1899).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. G. Macfarlane, Nature, Lond.202, 498 (1964).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. E. W. Davie andO. D. Ratnoff, Science148, 1310 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C. L. Janssen andW. H. van Leeuwen, Nature, Lond.233, 193 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. R. B. Hunter, F. Koller andE. Beck,Fibrinogen and Fibrin Turnover of Clotting Factors. Thromb. Diath. haemorrh., Suppl.13, 455 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  7. K. Laki,Fibrinogen (M. Dekker, New York 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  8. B. Blombäck, Br. J. Haemat.17, 145 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Matačić andA. G. Loewy, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.24, 858 (1966).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. J. J. Pisano, J. S. Finlayson andM. P. Peyton, Thromb. Diath. haemorrh., Suppl.39, 113 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Chen andR. F. Doolittle, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci., USA63, 420 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Sherry andW. Troll, J. biol. Chem.208, 95 (1954).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. D. P. Jackson, E. A. Beck andP. Charache, Fedn. Proc.24, 816 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. J. Larrieu, Nouv. Revue fr. Hémat.10, 617 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. P. Jackson, Trans. Am. clin. climat. Ass.82, 114 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. Imperato andA. G. Dettori,Le Malattie da Diffetto di Fibrinogeno nel Bambino (ESI, Naples 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  17. C. Imperato andA. G. Dettori, Helv. paediat. Acta13, 380 (1958).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. D. Ménaché, Proc. IXth Congr. Eur. Soc. Haemat. part II/2, 1255 (1963).

  19. D. Ménaché, Thromb. Diath. haemorrh., Suppl.39, 307 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  20. E. A. Beck, Blood24, 853 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. A. Beck, P. Charache andD. P. Jackson, Nature, Lond.208, 143 (1965).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. D. P. Jackson, P. Charache andE. A. Beck, Proc. XIIth Congr. Internat. Soc. Hemat. (1968), p. 175.

  23. E. F. Mammen, A. S. Prasad, M. I. Barnhart andC. C. Au, J. clin. Invest.48, 235 (1969).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Blombäck, B. Blombäck, E. F. Mammen andA. S. Prasad, Nature, Lond.218, 134 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. M. W. Mosesson andE. A. Beck, J. clin. Invest.48, 1656 (1969).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. A. von Felten, P. G. Frick andP. W. Straub, Br. J. Haemat.16, 353 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. H. R. Gralnick, H. M. Givelber, J. R. Shainoff andJ. S. Finlayson, J. clin. Invest.50, 1819 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. E. A. Beck, J. R. Shainoff, A. Vogel andD. P. Jackson, J. clin. Invest.50, 1874 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. A. von Felten, F. Duckert andP. G. Frick, Br. J. Haemat.12, 667 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. W. B. Forman, O. D. Ratnoff andH. M. Boyer, J. Lab. clin. Med.72, 455 (1968).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. R. O. Morton andJ. W. Hampton, Clin. Res.18, 533 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  32. C. L. Janssen andJ. Vreeken, Br. J. Haemat.20, 287 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. O. Egeberg, Thromb. Diath. haemorrh.17, 176 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. L. A. Sherman, L. W. Gaston andA. R. Spivak, J. Lab. clin. Med.72, 1017 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  35. B. Blombäck andM. Blombäck, Biochim. biophys. Acta97, 171 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. G. Fanconi, Schweiz. med. Wschr.71, 255 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Willi, F. Koller andJ. Raaflaub, Acta haemat.11, 316 (1954).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. E. A. Beck, Proc. VIIth Congr. World Feder. Haemophilia, in press.

  39. H. A. Thies andG. Landbeck,Hämophilie. Thromb. Diath haemorrh., Suppl.37 (1969).

  40. R. M. Prentice andO. D. Ratnoff, Semin. Hemat.4, 93 (1967).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. A. Margolius, D. P. Jackson andO. D. Ratnoff, Medicine40, 145 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. E. Bidwell, Ann. Rev. Med.20, 63 (1969).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. L. W. Hoyer andR. T. Breckenridge, Blood32, 962 (1968).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. K. W. E. Denson, Coagulation2, 375 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  45. T. S. Zimmermann, O. D. Ratnoff andA. E. Powell, J. clin. Invest.50, 244 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. T. S. Zimmerman, O. D. Ratnoff andA. S. Littell, J. clin. Invest.50, 255 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. B. N. Bouma, J. A. van Mourik, I. A. Mochtar andJ. J. Sixma, Second Congr. Internat. Soc. Thromb. Haemostasis, Abstract (1971), p. 6.

  48. F. Koller, inIkterus (Ed.K. Beck, F. K. Schattauer, Stuttgart, New York 1968), p. 317.

    Google Scholar 

  49. R. A. O'Reilly andP. M. Aggeler, Pharmac. Rev.22, 35 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. S. Magnussen, Thromb. Diath. haemorrh., Suppl.38, 97 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  51. W. H. Seegers, Fedn. Proc.23, 749 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. S. S. Shapiro, J. Martinez andR. R. Holburn, J. clin. Invest.48, 2251 (1969).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. F. Josso, J. Monasterio de Sanchez, J. M. Lavergne, D. Ménaché andJ. P. Soulier, Blood38, 9 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. S. H. Goodnight, D. I. Feinstein, B. Østerund andS. I. Rapaport, Blood38, 1 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. H. R. Roberts, J. E. Grizzle, W. D. McLester andG. D. Penick, J. clin. Invest.47, 360 (1968).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. K. W. E. Denson, R. Biggs andP. M. Mannucci, J. clin. Path.21, 160 (1968).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. K. W. E. Denson, A. Lurie, F. de Cataldo andP. M. Mannucci, Brit. J. Haemat.18, 317 (1970).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. A. Girolami, M. Lazzarin, M. Scarpa andA. Brunetti, Blood37, 534 (1971).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. H. C. Hemker, Nouv. Rev. franç. Hémat.10, 645 (1970).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. F. Duckert, E. Jung andD. H. Shmerling, Thromb. Diath. haemorrh.5, 179 (1960).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. K. Laki andL. Lorand, Science108, 280 (1948).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. H. M. Tyler, Thromb. Diath. harmorrh.16, 61 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. F. Duckert andE. A. Beck, Semin. Hemat.5, 83 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  64. E. A. Beck, unpublished results 1971.

  65. L. Lorand, Nature, Lond.195, 911 (1962).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. E. Beck, F. Duckert, A. Vogel andM. Ernst, Z. Zellforsch.57, 327 (1962).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. F. Duckert, Nouv. Revue fr. Hémat.10, 685 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. M. Nussbaum andB. S. Morse, Blood23, 669 (1964).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. D. G. McKay,Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Hoeber, New York 1968).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Beck, E.A. Molecular deficiencies of human blood coagulation. Experientia 28, 1–7 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01928228

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01928228

Keywords

Navigation