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Application of thermokinetics in chemical process analysis, as illustrated by the reaction of phenyl isocyanate andn-Butanol

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Abstract

Shortening the time required for chemical process development from the first laboratory trial through technical and pilot plants to industrial installation is a long-standing aim. Knowledge of the reaction kinetics is of major importance for this purpose. The usefulness of thermokinetics in chemical process engineering is illustrated by reaction of phenyl isocyanate andn-butanol.

Zusammenfassung

Die Abkürzung der Verfahrensentwicklung vom ersten Laborversuch über Technikums- und Pilotanlagen bis zur großtechnischen Anlage ist ein seit langem erstrebtes Ziel. Dabei ist bekanntlich die Kenntnis der Reaktionskinetik von großer Bedeutung. Am Beispiel der Reaktion Phenylisocyanat undn-Butanol wird die Nützlichkeit der Thermokinetik in der chemischen Verfahrensentwicklung aufgezeigt.

Резюме

Сокращение времени, т ребуемого для протек ания химического процесс а, начиная от первоначальных лабо раторных испытаний н а опытных и пилотных установках до промышленных установок, является д авнишней мечтой. Для д остижения этой цели главным явл яется знание кинетики реакций. Пол езность термокинети ки в химической технолог ии показана на пример е реакции фенилизоциа ната с н-бутанолом.

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Abbreviations

A :

characterizing alcohol

a :

concentration of alcohol

c i :

concentration of chemical speciesi

E :

activation energy

f(ci, pi):

functionality of the rate equation on concentration and partial pressure of species

F :

heat exchange area

I :

characterizing isocyanate

i :

concentration of isocyanate

ΔH :

reaction enthalpy

k :

heat exchange coefficient

K 1,K 2,K 1,K 2 :

rate constants

L 1,L 2 :

heating powers of intermediate thermostat and reactor

L R1 L R2 :

stirring powers of intermediate thermostat and reactor

L M2 :

power of reactor motor

o :

index characterizing facts at start of reaction

P i :

partial pressure of chemical speciesi

q j :

thermal reaction power of elementary reactionj

q :

total reaction power

q :

auxiliary quantity

Q(t) :

heat of reaction evolved up to timet

Q 00 :

total heat of reaction

r :

reaction rate

T s :

temperature of base thermostat

ΔT 1s :

set temperature difference intermediate/base thermostat

ΔT 2s :

set temperature difference reactor/intermediate thermostat

t :

time as from start of reaction

U :

characterizing urethane

u :

concentration of urethane

V :

volume of reaction mix

ΔV A :

volume of injected alcohol

α :

auxiliary rate factor

β :

auxiliary rate factor

v :

characterizing individual measurement

References

  1. K. C. Frisch, S. L. Rugan: Advances in Urethanes, 1962, Interscience Publ., New York.

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  2. W. Litz, J. Thermal Anal., 27 (1983) 215.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Department, Bayer AG, D-5090 Leverkusen, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, GFR

    W. Litz

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  1. W. Litz
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Litz, W. Application of thermokinetics in chemical process analysis, as illustrated by the reaction of phenyl isocyanate andn-Butanol. Journal of Thermal Analysis 30, 627–640 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01913609

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01913609

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