Summary
In open-chest pigs during severe myocardial ischemia [K+]e, [Ca2+]e and [H+]e increase, [Na+]e increases transiently reaching control values after 30 min. Extracellular osmolality of the ischemic area increases due to an H2O-shift from the ECS to the ICS. The increase of [Na+]e and [Ca2+]e must be explained by the shrinkage of the ECS due to the H2O-shift. The increase of [Ca2+]e is additionally caused by the decrease of pHe. The increase of [K+]e is mainly caused by the release of K+ from the ICS. The changes of [K+]e and [K+]i cause a decrease of the membrane potential to a range in which slow response potentials and re-entry excitations can occur. The increase of [K+e therefore seems to be a major factor to cause early post-ischemic arrhythmias.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ammann, D., R. Bissig, Z. Cimermann, U. Fiedler, M. Güggi, W. E. Morf, M. Oehme, H. Osswald, E. Pretsch, W. Simon: Synthetic neutral carriers for cations. In: Kessler, M., L. C. Clark Jr., D. W. Lübbers, I. A. Silver, W. Simon (eds.), Ion and enzyme electrodes in biology and medicime. pp 22–37, Urban & Schwarzenberg, (München, Berlin, Wien 1976).
Flear, C. T. G., R. A. Riemersma, A. Nandra, G. Nandra, R. Talbot: Changes in myocardial water and solutes ischemia. Recent Adv. Stud. Cardiac Struct. Metab.7, 297–305 (1975).
Gebert, G., H. Benzing, M. Strohm: Changes in the insterstitial pH of dogs myocardium in response to local ischemia, hypoxia, hyper- and hypocapnia, measured continuously by means of glass microelectrodes. Pflügers Arch. Europ. Physiol.329, 72–81 (1971).
Hill, J. L., L. S. Gettes: Effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on local myocardial extracellular K+ activity in swine. Circulation61, 768–778 (1980).
Hirche, Hj., Chr. Franz, L. Bös, R. Bissig, R. Lang, M. Schramm: Myocardial extracellular K+ and H+ increase and noradrenaline release as possible cause of early arrhythmias following acute coronary artery occlusion in pigs. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.12, 579–593 (1980).
Jennings, R. B., J. P. Kaltenbach, H. M. Sommers: Cell Death: Electrolyte alterations in injured and dying myocardial cells. In: Electrolytes and Cardiovascular Diseases, ed. by E. Bajusz, pp. 192–203 (S. Karger, Basel/New York 1965).
Jennings, R. B., H. M. Sommers, J. P. Kaltenbach, J. J. West: Electrolyte alterations in acute myocardial ischemic injury. Circulat. Res., Vol.XIV, 260–269 (1964).
Russell, R. A., J. Crafoord, A. S. Harries: Changes in myocardial composition after coronary artery ligation. Amer. J. Physiol.200, 995–998 (1961).
Wiegand, V., M. Güggi, W. Meesmann, M. Kessler, F. Greitschus: Extracellular potassium activity changes in the canine myocardium after acute coronary occlusion and the influence of β-blockade. Cardiovasc. Res.13, 297–302 (1979).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 68, A 7
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Friedrich, R., Hirche, H., Kebbel, U. et al. Changes of extracellular Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+ of the ischemic myocardium in pigs. Basic Res Cardiol 76, 453–456 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01908341
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01908341