Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Coronary artery stenosis controlled by distal perfusion pressure: Description of the servo-system and time-dependent changes in regional myocardial blood flow

  • Original Contributions
  • Published:
Basic Research in Cardiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

An animal model for the induction of coronary artery stenosis is described. In this model the degree of stenosis, as induced with commercially available hydraulic occluders, can be easily controlled by kecping constant the mean perfusion pressure (pcor) distal to the site of stenosis. This pcor is the input signal for a servo-system feeding a motor-pump, which determines the degree of inflation of the cuff around the left anterior interventricular coronary artery (LAICA). In each, experiment pcor did not vary more than 2 mm Hg from the preset value of about 25 mm Hg. In 60 anesthetized open-chest dogs the time course of standard hemodynamic variables and regional myocardial blood flow in the center of the underperfused area, using the radioactive microsphere technique, were determined. Within 1 min after induction of stenosis heart rate and end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (plved) increased (by 20 and 60%, respectively) and mean aortic pressure and dplv/dtmax decreased (by 10 and 25%, respectively). After the initial decrease median myocardial blood flow further decreased between 1 and 5 min of stenosis from 0.63 to 0.32 ml · min−1 · g−1 in the outer layers (P<0.05) and from 0.26 to 0.15 ml · min−1 · g−1 in the inner layers (P<0.05), despite constant hemodynamic conditions and pcor. Between 5 and 120 min of stenosis these values remained unchanged in the outer layers, but decreased further in the inner layers to 0.08 ml · min−1 · g−1 (P<0.05).

The accurate control of pcor, the reproducibility of the levels of residual blood flow and the ease of handling the stenosis system indicate that coronary artery stenosis controlled by perfusion pressure distal to the stenosis is a useful animal model to study events during regional myocardial ischemia. With the use of this model of low flow ischemia a biphasic increase of myocardial vascular resistance was observed, which is initiated during the first minutes of coronary artery stenosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bulkley B, Roberts WC (1976) Atherosclerotic narrowing of the left main coronary artery. Circulation 53:823–828

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Downey JM, Kirk ES (1975) Inhibition of coronary blood flow by a vascular waterfall mechanism. Circ Res 36:753–760

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Engler RL, Dahlgren MD, Morris DD, Peterson MA, Schmid-Schoenbein GW (1986) Role of leukocytes in response to acute myocardial ischemia and reflow in dogs. Am J Physiol 251:H314-H322

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gewirtz H, Most AS (1981) Production of a critical coronary arterial stenosis in closed chest laboratory animals. Description of a new nonsurgical method based on standard cardiac catheterization techniques. Am J Cardiol 47:589–596

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gewirtz H, Most AS, Williams DO (1984) Contrasting effects of nifedipine and adenosine on regional myocardial flow distribution. Circulation 69:1046–1056

    Google Scholar 

  6. Guyton RA, McCleanthan JH, Michaelis LL (1977) Evolution of regional ischemia distal to a proximal coronary stenosis: self-propagation of ischemia. Am J Cardiol 40:381–392

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Heinemann FW, Grayson J (1985) Transmural distribution of intramyocardial pressure measured by micropipette technique. Am J Physiol 249:H1216-H1223

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Heusch G, Deussen A, Schipke J, Vogelsang H, Hoffmann V, Thaemer V (1985) Role of cardiac sympathetic nerves in the genesis of myocardial ischemia distal to coronary stenoses. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 (Suppl 5) S13-S18

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hirzel HO, Nelson GR, Sonnenblick EH, Kirk ES (1976) Redistribution of collateral blood flow from necrotic to surviving myocardium following coronary occlusion, in the dog. Circ Res 39:214–222

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Jugdutt BI, Becker LC, Hutchins GM (1979) Early changes in collateral blood flow during myocardial infarction in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 237:H371-H381

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kloner RA, Ganote CE, Jennings RB (1974) The “no-reflow” phenomenon after temporary coronary occlusion in the dog. J Clin Invest 54:1496–1508

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Marcus ML, Kerber RE, Ehrhardt J, Abboud, FM (1976) Effects of time on volume and distribution of coronary collateral flow. Am J Physiol 230:279–285

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Messina LM, Hanley FL, Uhlig PN, Baer RW, Grattan MT, Hoffman JIE (1985) Effects of pressure gradients between branches of the left coronary artery on the pressure axis intercept and the shape of steady state circumflex pressure-flow relation in dogs. Circ Res 56:11–19

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nakamura M, Matsuguchi H, Mitsutake A, Kikuchi Y, Takeshita A, Nakagaki O, Kuroiwa A (1977) The effect of graded coronary stenosis on myocardial blood flow and left ventricular wall motion. Basic Res Cardiol 72:479–491

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Powell WJ, DiBona DR, Flores J, Leaf A (1976) The protective effect of hyperosmotic manitol in myocardial ischemia and necrosis. Circulation 54:603–615

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Powers ER, DiBona DR, Powell WJ (1984) Myocardial cell volume and coronary resistance during diminished coronary perfusion. Am J Physiol 247:H467-H477

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Prinzen FW, Van der Vusse GJ, Coumans WA, Kruger R, Verlaan CWJ, Reneman RS (1979) The effect of elevated arterial free fatty acid concentrations on hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism and blood flow during ischemia. Basic Res Cardiol 76:197–210

    Google Scholar 

  18. Prinzen FW, Van der Vusse GJ, Reneman RS (1981) Blood flow distribution in the left ventricular free wall in open chest dogs. Basic Res Cardiol 76:431–437

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Prinzen FW (1982) Gradients in myocardial blood flow, metabolism and mechanics across the ischemic left ventricular wall. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Google Scholar 

  20. Prinzen FW, Arts T, Van der Vusse GJ, Coumans WA, Reneman RS (1986) Gradients in fiber shortening and metabolism across the ischemic left ventricular wall. Am J Physiol 250:H255-H264

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Roberts WC, Jones AA, Virmani R (1980) Quantification of coronary arterial narrowing at necropsy in fatal acute myocardial ischemia. In: Kreuzer H, Parmley WW, Rentrop P, Weiss HW (eds) Advances in clinical cardiology vol 1, quantification of myocardial ischemia. Witzstrock Publ House Inc, New York, pp 513–517

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sabbah HN, Stein PD (1983) Relation of intramyocardial and intracavitary pressure to regional myocardial asynergy in the canine left ventricle. Am Heart J 105:380–386

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Schamhardt HC, Verdouw PD, Van der Hoek TM, Saxena PR (1979) Regional myocardial perfusion and wall thickness and arteriovenous shunting after ergotamine administration to pigs with a fixed coronary stenosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1:673–687

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Smith HJ, Nuttall A (1985) Experimental models of heart failure. Review. Cardiovasc Res 19:181–186

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tranum-Jensen J, Janse MJ, Fiolet JWT, Krieger WJG, Naumann d'Alnoncourt Ch, Durrer D (1981) Tissue osmolarity, cell swelling, and reperfusion in acute regional myocardial ischemia in the isolated porcine heart. Circ Res 49:364–381

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Van der Vusse GJ, Reneman RS (1985) Pharmacological intervention in acute, myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Trends Pharmacol Sci 6:76–79

    Google Scholar 

  27. Van der Meer JJ, Reneman RS (1972) An improved technique to induce a standardized functional stenosis of a coronary artery. Eur Surg Res 4:407–418

    Google Scholar 

  28. Yamazaki S, Fujibashi Y, Rajagopalan RE, Meerbaum S, Corday E (1986) Effects of staged versus sudden reperfusion after acute occlusion, in the dog. J Am Coll Cardiol 7:564–572

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. F. W. Prinzen

    Present address: Department of Physiology, University of Limburg, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Limburg, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    R. Alewijnse, G. J. van der Vusse, R. T. I. Kruger, T. van de Nagel & R. S. Reneman

Authors
  1. F. W. Prinzen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Alewijnse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. J. van der Vusse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. T. I. Kruger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. T. van de Nagel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R. S. Reneman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Prinzen, F.W., Alewijnse, R., van der Vusse, G.J. et al. Coronary artery stenosis controlled by distal perfusion pressure: Description of the servo-system and time-dependent changes in regional myocardial blood flow. Basic Res Cardiol 82, 375–387 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01907025

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01907025

Key words

Search

Navigation