Abstract
Because biological control ofRhizoctonia solani in potato with conidial suspensions of the mycoparasiteVerticillium biguttatum was often less successful in sandy soils than in loamy soils, we examined soils of potato fields for the presence of organisms destructive to conidia ofV. biguttatum.
Representatives of conidiophagous testate amoebae were frequently present on sclerotium disks ofR. solani infected withV. biguttatum in all soils studied and were most active under moist conditions. Conidiophagous naked amoebae were also numerous, except for two loam soils, and were not sensitive to moist conditions. Conidiophagous ciliates were found in rather low numbers and were most frequently isolated from coarsely structured soils under moist conditions. Conidiophagous flagellates were very infrequently observed.
A bacterial type, parasitizing and killing conidia and hyphae ofV. biguttatum, was observed in all soils studied. It produced clusters of cocci fixed to the outside of conidia and hyphae and was most active under moist soil conditions.
The possible role of protozoan predators and bacterial parasites in the biological control ofR. solani in potato withV. biguttatum applied at planting is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boogert PHJF van den and Velvis H (1992) Population dynamics of the mycoparasiteVerticillium biguttatum and its hostRhizoctonia solani. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 24: 157–164
Boogert PHJF van den, Reinartz H, Sjollema KA and Veenhuis M (1989) Microscopic observation on the interaction of the mycoparasiteVerticillium biguttatum withRhizoctoni solani and other soil-borne fungi. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 56: 161–174
Bunt JS and Rovira AD (1956). Microbial studies of some subantarctic soils. Journal of Soil Science 6: 119–129
Clough KS and Patrick ZA (1976a) Biotic factors affecting the viability of chlamidospores ofThielaviopsis basicola (Berk & Br.) Ferraris in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 8: 465–472
Clough KS and Patrick ZA (1976b) Characteristics of the perforating agent of chlamidospores ofThielaviopsis basicola (Berk a Br.) Ferraris in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 8: 473–478
Darbyshire JF, Wheatley RE, Greaves, MP and Inkson RHE (1974) A rapid micro method for estimating bacterial and protozoal populations in soil. Revue d'Ecologie et Biologie du Sol 11: 456–458
Hassink J, Bouwman LA, Zwart KB and Brussaard L (1993) Relationships between habitable pore space, soil biota and mineralization rates in grassland soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25: 47–55
Hekman WE, Boogert van den PHJF and Zwart KB (1992) The physiology and ecology of a novel, obligate mycophagous flagellate. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 86: 255–265
Jager G and Velvis H (1985) Biological control ofRhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 4. Inoculation of seed tubers withVerticillium biguttatum and other antagonists in field experiments. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 91: 49–63
Jager G and Velvis H (1986) Biological controlof Rhizoctonia solani on potatoes by antagonists. 5. The effectiveness of three isolates ofVerticillium biguttatum as inoculum for seed tubers and of a soil treatment with a low dosage of pencycuron. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 92: 231–238
Jager G and Velvis H (1988) Inactivation of sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani on potato tubers byVerticillium biguttatum, a soil-borne mycoparasite. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94: 225–231
Jager G and Velvis H (1995) Dynamics ofRhizoctonia solani (black scurf) in successive potato crops. European Journal of Plant Pathology 101: 367–478
Jager G, Velvis H, Lamers JG, Mulder A and Roosjen Js (1990) Control ofRhizoctonia solani in potato by biological, chemical and integrated measures. Potato Research 34: 269–284
Lee JJ, Hutner SH and Bovee EC (1985) An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists, Allen-Press Inc. Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
Mayfield CJ (1975). A simple fluorescent technique for in situ soil microorganisms. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21: 727–729
Old KM and Robertson WM (1970). Growth of bacteria within Iysing fungal conidia in soil Transactions of the British Mycological Society 54: 337–341
Old KM and Wong Joan NF (1972) Helically lobed soil bacteria from fungal spores. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 4: 39–41
Old KM and Chakraborty S (1986) Mycophagous soil amoeba: Their biology and significance in the ecology of soil-borne plant pathogens. In: Corliss JO and Patterson DJ (eds) Progress in Protistology, Vol. 1 (pp. 163–194) Biopress, Bristol
Petz W, Foissner W and Adam H (1985). Culture, food selection and growth rate in the mycophagous ciliateGrossglockneria acuta Foissner, 1980. First evidence of autochthonous soil ciliates. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17: 871–875
Piper CS (1944) Soil and Plant Analysis (pp. 82–85) The University of Adelaide, Adelaide.
Prescott DM and James TW (1955) CulturingAmoeba proteus onTetrahymena. Experimental and Cellular Research 8: 256–258
Rowe R, Todd R and Waide J (1977) Microtechnique for Most-Probable-Number analyses. Applied Environmental Microbiology 33: 675–680
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jager, G., Velvis, H. Biological destruction of conidia ofVerticillium biguttatum . Eur J Plant Pathol 102, 623–633 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01877243
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01877243