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Resistance in barley against the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei) is not associated with enhanced levels of endogenous jasmonates

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Abstract

Onset of acquired resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare) chemically induced by 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (DCINA) correlated with the accumulation of mRNA homologous to cDNA pHvJ256 which codes for a soluble leaf-thionin with a Mr. of 6 kDa [Wasternacket al., 1994a]. In the present work, we extend this finding by showing that the thionin transcript also accumulated following treatment of barley with the resistance-inducing compounds 3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA), salicylic acid (SA), and an extract fromBacillus subtilis. The polypeptide showed antifungal activity against the biotrophic cereal pathogensErysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei andPuccinia graminis f.sp.tritici which may indicate a possible role in the mechanism of acquired resistance in barley. A thionin transcript hybridizing to pHvJ256 accumulated also in response to application of jasmonates, or treatments that elevated endogenous amounts of the plant growth substance, pointing to the possibility that signaling mediating defense responses in barley involves jasmonates. However, a topical spray application of jasmonic acid (JA) or jasmonate methyl ester (JM) did not protect barley leaves against infection byE. graminis. Performing a kinetic analysis by an enzyme immunoassay specific for (−)-JA, (−)-JM, and its amino acid conjugates, accumulation of jasmonates was detected in osmotically stressed barley but not at the onset of chemically induced or genetically based resistance governed by the powdery mildew resistance genesMlg, Mla 12, ormlo 5. Furthermore, the jasmonate-inducible proteins JIP-23 and JIP-60 were strongly induced following JM- but not DCINA-treatment or inoculation withE. graminis. Hence, in barley, no indications were found in favour for the previously proposed model of a lipid-based signaling pathway via jasmonates mediating expression of resistance in plants against pathogens.

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Abbreviations

Egh :

Erysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei

ESH:

elongated secondary hyphae

DCINA:

2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid

DCSA:

3,5-dichlorosalicylic acid

HR:

hypersensitive response

INA:

isonicotinic acid

JA:

jasmonic acid

JIP:

jasmonate-induced protein

JM:

jasmonate methyl ester

Pgt :

Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici

PR:

pathogenesis related

SA:

salicylic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Biologie III, RWTH Aachen, Worringer Weg, D-52074, Aachen, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Kogel, Birgit Jarosch & Ruth Schiffer

  2. Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D-06120, Halle, Germany

    Birgit Ortel, Rainer Atzorn & Claus Wasternack

Authors
  1. Karl-Heinz Kogel
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  2. Birgit Ortel
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  3. Birgit Jarosch
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  4. Rainer Atzorn
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  5. Ruth Schiffer
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  6. Claus Wasternack
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Kogel, KH., Ortel, B., Jarosch, B. et al. Resistance in barley against the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei) is not associated with enhanced levels of endogenous jasmonates. Eur J Plant Pathol 101, 319–332 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01874788

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