Skip to main content
Log in

Detergent sensitivity and splitting of isolated liver gap junctions

  • Articles
  • Published:
The Journal of Membrane Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Isolated rat liver gap junctions were split by two methods. In the first method, isolated gap junctions were stabilized by cross-linking their cytoplasmic surfaces with glutaraldehyde under conditions that prevented the entry of glutaraldehyde into the “gap” region. The “stabilized” junctions were then split in the junctional gap with SDS. In the second procedure, unfixed gap junctions were split by incubation in ureacontaining solutions. Junctional splitting was monitored by electron microscopy of thin sectioned and freeze fractured membrane pellets. Sidedness of the split junctional membranes was defined by labeling their cytoplasmic surfaces with glutaraldehyde-activated ferritin before splitting with urea. Gap junctional splitting did not result in any loss of protein components as determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The glutaraldehyde cross-linking procedure was also used to determine the effects of various detergents on the protein-protein interactions in the “gap” region. Of the detergents tested, only SDS caused junctional splitting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Avrameas, S., Ternynck, T. 1969. The cross-linking of proteins with glutaraldehyde and its use for the preparation of immunosorbents.Immunochemistry 6:53–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, T.S., Caspar, D.L.D., Hollingshead, C.J., Goodenough, D.A. 1983. Gap junction structures: IV. Assymetric features revealed by low-irradiation microscopy.J. Cell Biol. 96:204–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Culvenor, J.G., Evans, W.H. 1977. Preparation of hepatic gap (communicating) junctions. Identification of the constituent polypeptide subunits.Biochem. J. 168:475–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrhart, J.C. 1981. Further purification of mouse liver gap junctions with deoxycholate and protein composition.Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 5:1055–1061

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallon, R.F., Goodenough, D.A. 1981. Five-hour half-life of mouse liver gap junction protein.J. Cell Biol. 90:521–526

    Google Scholar 

  • Finbow, M., Yancey, S.B., Johnson, R., Revel, J.-P. 1980. Independent lines of evidence suggesting a major gap junctional protein with a molecular weight of 26,000.Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 77:970–974

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, K.A., Stoeckenius, W. 1977. Freeze-fractured purple membrane particles: Protein content.Science 197:72–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough, D.A., Gilula, N.B. 1974. The splitting of hepatocyte gap junctions and zonulae occludentes with hypertonic disaccharides.J. Cell Biol. 61:575–590

    Google Scholar 

  • Helenius, A., Simons, K. 1975. Solubilization of membranes by detergents.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 415:29–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, D., Eibl, H., Weber, K. 1979. Structure and biochemistry of mouse hepatic gap junctionsJ. Mol. Biol. 132:193–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertzberg, E.L. 1980. Biochemical and immunological approaches to the study of gap junctional communication.In Vitro 16:1057–1067

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertzberg, E.L., Anderson, D.J., Friedlander, M., Gilula, N.B. 1982. Comparative analysis of the major polypeptides from liver gap junctions and lens fiber junctions.J. Cell Biol. 92:53–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertzberg, E.L., Gilula, N.B. 1979. Isolation and characterization of gap junctions from rat liver.J. Biol. Chem. 254:2138–2147

    Google Scholar 

  • Hertzberg, E.L., Gilula, N.B. 1982. Liver gap junctions and lens fiber junctions: Comparative analysis and calmodulin interaction.Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 46:639–645

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirokawa, N., Heuser, J. 1982. The inside and outside of gap junction membranes visualized by deep etching.Cell 30:395–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Kensler, R.W., Goodenough, D.A. 1980. Isolation of mouse myocardial gap junctions.J. Cell Biol. 86:755–764

    Google Scholar 

  • Kishida, Y., Olsen, B.R., Berg, R.A., Prockop, D.J. 1975. Two improved methods for preparing ferritin-protein conjugates for electron microscopy.J. Cell Biol. 64:331–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Laemmli, U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.Nature 227:680–686

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, W.R. 1981. Junctional intercellular communication: The cell-to-cell membrane channel.Physiol. Rev. 61:829–912

    Google Scholar 

  • Makowski, L.D., Caspar, L.D., Goodenough, D.A., Phillips, W.C. 1982. Gap junction structures: III. The effect of variations in the isolation procedures.Biophys. J. 37:189–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Manjunath, C.K., Goings, G.E., Page, E. 1982a. Isolation and protein composition of gap junctions from rabbit hearts.Biochem. J. 205:189–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Manjunath, C.K., Goings, G.E., Page, E. 1982b. Protein composition of cardiac gap junctions: Comparison between mammalian species and between junctions from rat heart and liver.J. Cell Biol. 95:88a

    Google Scholar 

  • Manjunath, C.K., Goings, G.E., Page, E. 1983. Detergent sensitivity and splitting of isolated rat liver and heart gap junctions.J. Cell. Biol. (abstr.) (in press)

  • Nicholson, B.J., Hunkapiller, M.W., Grim, L.B., Hood, L.E., Revel, J.-P. 1981. Rat liver gap junction protein: Properties and partial sequence.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:7594–7598

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, B.J., Takemoto, L.J., Hunkapiller, M.W., Hood, L.E., Revel, J.-P. 1983. Differences between liver gap junction protein and lens MIP 26 from rat: Implications for tissue specificity of gap junctions.Cell 32:967–978

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, E., Karrison, T., Upshaw-Earley, J. 1983. Freeze fractured cardiac gap junctions: Structural analysis by three methods.Am. J. Physiol. 244:H525-H539

    Google Scholar 

  • Peracchia, C. 1980. Structural correlates of gap junctional permeation.Int. Rev. Cytol. 66:81–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Shibata, Y., Manjunath C.K.1981. A technique for freeze fracturing minute amounts of isolated cardiac membrane.Am. J. Physiol. 241:H891-H893

    Google Scholar 

  • Takemoto, L.J., Hansen, J.S.1981. Gap junctions from the lens: Purification and characterization by chemical crosslinking reagent.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99:324–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Zampighi, G., Unwin, P.N.T. 1979. Two forms of isolated gap junctions.J. Mol. Biol. 135:451–464

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Manjunath, C.K., Goings, G.E. & Page, E. Detergent sensitivity and splitting of isolated liver gap junctions. J. Membrain Biol. 78, 147–155 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01869201

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01869201

Key Words

Navigation