Abstract
As part of the planning process, maps of natural factors are often superimposed in order to identify areas which are suitable or unsuitable for a particular type of resource management. Overlay maps may also be used to identify analysis areas for predictive modeling of resource productivity and ecological response to management. Current interest in applying computer-assisted mapping technology to making overlay maps is drawing attention to geographic information systems for this purpose. The resultant maps, however, may be so inaccurate or unable to capture significant units of productivity and ecological response that they could lead to imperfect or false conclusions. Recommendations are made on how to proceed in light of these problems.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Aandahl, A. R., and A. Herrwagen. 1964. Parallelism in the development of soil survey and range site concepts. American Society of Agronomy.ASA Special Publications 5:137–146.
Bailey, R. G. 1985. The factor of scale in ecosystem mapping.Environmental Management 9:271–276.
Bailey, R. G. 1987. Suggested hierarchy of criteria for multiscale ecosystem mapping.Landscape and Urban Planning 14:313–319.
Berry, J. K., and J. K. Sailor. 1987. Use of a geographic information system for storm runoff prediction for small urban watersheds.Environmental Management 11:21–27.
Dangermond, J., B. Derrenbacher, and E. Harnden. 1982. Description of techniques for automation of regional natural resource inventories. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California. 52 pp. (mimeo).
Davis, L. S. 1980. Strategy for building a location-specific, multi-purpose information system for wildland management.Journal of Forestry 78:402–408.
FAO. 1984.Land evaluation for forestry. FAO Forestry Paper 48, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 123 pp.
Ferguson, B. K. 1981. The use of overlays in site quality mapping.Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11:361–369.
Gersmehl, P. J. 1980. Productivity ratings based on soil series: a methodology critique.Professional Geographer 32:158–163.
Hole, F. D., and J. B. Campbell. 1985. Soil landscape analysis. Rowman and Allenheld, Totowa, NJ, 196 pp.
Hopkins, L. D. 1977. Methods for generating land suitability maps: a comparative evaluation.Journal American Institute of Planners 43:386–400.
Johnson, K. N., T. W. Stuart, and S. A. Crim. 1986. FOR-PLAN version 2: an overview. USDA Forest Service, Land Management Planning Staff, Washington, DC.
Larson, K. N., R. W. Phillips, J. E. Schmautz, E. H. Stone, and D. J. Wright. 1977. A method for identifying the suitability of lands for resource management. USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, 11 pp. (mimeo).
MacDougall, E. B. 1975. The accuracy of map overlays.Landscape Planning 2:23–30.
Martin, F. C. 1985. Using a geographic information system for forest land mapping and management.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 51:1753–1759.
Moss, M. R. 1985. Land processes and land classification.Journal of Environmental Management 20:295–319.
Omi, P. N., L. C. Wensel, and J. L. Murphy. 1979. An application of multivariate statistics to land-use planning: classifying land units into homogeneous zones.Forest Science 25:399–414.
Rowe, J. S. 1980. The common denominator in land classification in Canada: an ecological approach to mapping.Forestry Chronicle 56:19–20.
Steiner, F. 1983. Resource suitability: methods for analysis.Environmental Management 7:401–420.
Tomlin, C. D., J. K. Berry, and S. M. Tomlin. 1981. Fundamental overlay mapping techniques. Pages 470–481in T. B. Brann (ed.), Proceedings, Workshop In-Place Resource Inventories: Principles and Practices, August 9–14, 1981, Orono, Maine. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC.
Varnes, D. J. 1974. The logic of geological maps with reference to their interpretation and use for engineering purposes. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 837, Washington, DC, 48 pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bailey, R.G. Problems with using overlay mapping for planning and their implications for geographic information systems. Environmental Management 12, 11–17 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867373
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867373