Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to clarify and expand several ideas concerning use of the guild concept in environmental impact assessment Background material on the concept and examples of its use are given. It is argued that for purposes of environmental assessment a resource-based guild approach is preferable to a taxonomic-based approach. Validity of the guild concept, problems in classifying species into guilds, implications of guild membership, and usefulness of guild analyses are discussed. I conclude that only with a thorough knowledge of both its limitations and benefits will it be possible to fully use the guild concept for understanding organizational processes in communities and ecosystems and for assessing environmental impacts.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Alatalo, R. 1980. Seasonal dynamics of resource partitioning among foliage-gleaning passerines in northern Finland.Oecologia 45:190–196.
Apfelbaum, S., and A. Haney. 1981. Bird populations before and after wildfire in a great lakes pine forest.Condor 83:347–354.
Balda, R. P. 1980. Avian communities in pinyon-juniper woodland: a descriptive analysis. Pages 146–167in Workshop proceedings: management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-86. Inter-mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT.
Brown, J. H., and D. W. Davidson. 1977. Competition between seed-eating rodents and ants in desert ecosystems.Science 196:880–882.
Colwell, R. K. 1979. Toward a unified approach to the study of species diversity. Pages 75–91in J. F. Grassle, G. P. Patil, W. Smith, C. Taillie (eds.). Ecological diversity in theory and practice. International Co-operative Publishing House, Fairland, MD.
Crome, F. H. J. 1978. Foraging ecology of an assemblage of birds in lowland rainforest in northern Queensland.Aust. J. Ecol. 3:195–212.
Dueser, R. D., and H. H. Shugart, Jr. 1979. Niche pattern in a forest-floor small-mammal fauna.Ecology 60:108–118.
Feinsinger, P. 1976. Organization of a tropical guild of nectarivorous birds.Ecol. Monog. 46:257–291.
Folse, L. J., Jr. 1981. Ecological relationships of grassland birds to habitat and food supply in east Africa. Pages 160–166in D. E. Capen (ed.). The use of multivariate statistics in studies of wildlife habitat. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-87. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO.
Fuentes, E. R. 1976. Ecological convergence of lizard communities in Chile and California.Ecology 57:3–17.
Gauch, H. G., Jr., and R. H. Whittaker. 1981. Hierarchical classification of community data.J. Ecol. 69:537–557.
Gleason, H. A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association.Bull. Torrey Botanical Club 53:7–26.
Grant, W. E., and E. C. Birney. 1979. Small mammal community structure in North American grasslands.J. Mammal. 60:23–36.
Hairston, N. G. 1981. An experimental test of a guild: salamander competition.Ecology 62:65–72.
Hawkins, C. P., and J. R. Sedell. 1981. Longitudinal and seasonal changes in functional organization of macroinvertebrate communities in four Oregon streams.Ecology 62:387–397.
Holmes, R. T., R. E. Bonney, Jr., and S. W. Pacala. 1979. Guild structure of the Hubbard Brook bird community: a multivariate approach.Ecology 60:512–520.
Inger, R. F., and R. K. Colwell. 1977. Organization of contiguous communities of amphibians and reptiles in Thailand.Ecol. Monog. 47:229–253.
Jaksic, F. M. 1981. Abuse and misuse of the term “guild” in ecological studies.Oikos 37:397–400.
Jaksic, F. M., H. W. Greene, and J. L. Yanez. 1981. The guild structure of a community of predatory vertebrates in central Chile.Oecologia 49:21–28.
Joern, A., and L. R. Lawlor. 1981. Guild structure in grasshopper assemblages based on food and microhabitat resources.Oikos 37:93–104.
Johnson, R. A. 1981. Application of the guild concept to environmental impact analysis of terrestrial vegetation.J. Environ. Manage. 13:205–222.
Karr, J. R. 1980. Geographical variation in the avifaunas of tropical forest undergrowth.Auk 97:283–298.
Krebs, C. J. 1978. Ecology: the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance, second edition. Harper and Row, New York, N.Y.
Kroes, H. W. 1977. The niche structure of ecosystems.J. Theoret. Biol. 65:317–326.
Landres, P. B. 1981. Community organization of the arboreal birds in some oak woodlands of western North America. Ph.D. Dissertation. Utah State University, Logan, UT.
Landres, P. B., and J. A. MacMahon. 1980. Guilds and community organization: analysis of an oak woodland avifauna in Sonora, Mexico.Auk 97:351–365.
Lister, B. C. 1981. Seasonal niche relationships of rain forest anoles.Ecology 62:1548–1560.
MacMahon, J. A. 1976. Species and guild similarity of North American desert mammal faunas: a functional analysis of communities. Pages 133–148in D. W. Goodall (ed). Evolution of desert biota. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX.
MacMahon, J. A., D. J. Schimpf, D. C. Andersen, K. G. Smith, and R. L. Bayn, Jr. 1981. An organism-centered approach to some community and ecosystem concepts.J. Theoret. Biol. 88:287–307.
Mannan, R. W. 1980. Assemblages of bird species in western coniferous old-growth forest. Pages 357–368in Workshop proceedings: Management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-86. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT.
Mares, M. A. 1980. Convergent evolution among desert rodents: a global perspective. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Number 16. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA.
Mares, M. A., and M. L. Rosenzweig. 1978. Granivory in North and South American deserts: rodents, birds, and ants.Ecology 59:235–241.
Orians, G. H., and O. T. Solbrig. 1977. Degree of convergence of ecosystem characteristics. Pages 226–255in G. H. Orians and O. T. Solbrig (eds). Convergent evolution in warm deserts. US/IBP Synthesis Series, Number 3. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, PA.
Paine, R. T. 1980. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure.J. Anim. Ecol. 49:667–685.
Pearson, D. L. 1975. The relation of foliage complexity to ecological diversity of three Amazonian bird communities.Condor 77:453–466.
Pianka, E. R. 1980. Guild structure in desert lizards.Oikos 35:194–201.
Post, W. N., and S. E. Riechert. 1977. Initial investigation into the structure of spider communities.J. Anim. Ecol. 46:729–749.
Probst, J. R. 1979. Oak forest bird communities. Pages 80–88in Workshop proceedings: Management of north central and north-eastern forests for nongame birds. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NC-51. North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN.
Root, R. B. 1967. The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher.Ecol. Monog. 37:317–350.
Severinghaus, W. D. 1981. Guild theory development as a mechanism for assessing environmental impact.Environ. Manage. 5:187–190.
Smith, K. G. 1980. Nongame birds of the rocky mountain spruce-fir forests and their management. Pages 258–279in Workshop proceedings: Management of western forests and grasslands for non-game birds. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-86. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT.
Taylor, D. L., and W. J. Barmore, Jr. 1980. Post-fire succession of avifauna in coniferous forests of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, Wyoming. Pages 130–145in Workshop proceedings: Management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-86. Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, UT.
Thomas, J. W., R. J. Miller, H. Black, J. E. Rodiek, and C. Maser. 1976. Guidelines for maintaining and enhancing wildlife habitat in forest management in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. Pages 452–476in 41st North American wildlife and natural resources conference. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, DC.
Wagner, J. L. 1981. Seasonal change in guild structure: oak woodland insectivorous birds.Ecology 62:973–981.
Willson, M. F. 1974. Avian community organization and habitat structure.Ecology 55:1017–1029.
Wilson, D. E. 1973. Bat faunas: a trophic comparison.Systematic Zoology 22:14–29.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Landres, P.B. Use of the guild concept in environmental impact assessment. Environmental Management 7, 393–397 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867118
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01867118