Summary
Mechanically induced vasoconstriction observed throughout surgery and in the immediate postoperative period was investigated to assess the effects of various microsurgical manipulations.
Factors such as the type of aneurysm clip, duration of temporary clipping and peri-adventitial tissue stripping were the variables in this study. Microsurgical clips were applied on guinea pig “cervical carotid arteries” in which peri-adventitia had been removed microsurgically. Arterial rings were removed immediately after surgery. Endothelium dependent relaxations were measured and morphological investigations were performed using light microscopy.
It was observed that as the clip application period increased, relaxation responses decreased. Peri-adventitial tissue stripping caused a marked decrease in the relaxation responses in all types of the clips. Microvascular clips, in spite of their lower closing forces, had the greatest deleterious effect on relaxation responses of the vessel, in both normal and peri-adventitial tissue stripped. When the peri-adventitial tissue of the vessel had been stripped, convolutions of the lamina elastica interna were found to be lost in parallel with the decreased tonus of the artery. In the vessels subjected to clipping endothelial denudation and cracking took place.
As a conclusion it can be stated that both peri-adventitial tissue stripping and microvascular clip application have deleterious effects in the early postoperative period. While choosing clips from minimal occlusion force tables, care must be taken to choose clips with less width; and while performing microvascular anastomosis, temporary clips with a lesser width must be used in place of microvascular clips. Adventitial stripping must not be unnecessarily generous during microvascular anastomosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abacloğlu N, Ercan ZS, Kanzik I, Zengil H, Demiryürek T, Türker RK (1987) Endothelium-derived relaxing effect of histamine on the isolated guinea pig main pulmonary artery strips. Agents Actions 22: 30–35
Allan G, Brook CD, Cambridge D (1983) Enhanced responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents after removal of endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 79: 334P
Baykaner MK (1993) Evidence for the participation of vascular endothelium originated humoral factors to cerebral vasospasm. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 124: 134–137
Carrier GO, White RE (1985) Enhancement of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic induced vasoconstriction by removal of endothelium in rat aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 232: 682–687
Cocks TM, Angus JA (1983) Endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries by noradrenaline and serotonin. Nature 305: 627–630
Çeviker N, Baykaner MK, Keskil IS, Sencer H, Ataoğlu Ö, Özsoy M, Ercan ZS (1995) Immediate ultrastructural effects of Endothelin 1 on rabbit basilar artery, a comparison between immersion and perfusion fixation techniques. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 132: 104–109
Drake CG, Allcock JM (1973) Postoperative angiography and the “slipped” clip. J Neurosurg 39: 687–689
Dujovny M, Osgood CP, Barrionnevo PJ, Perlin A, Kossovsky N (1978) SEM evaluation of endothelial damage following temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in dogs. J Neurosurg 48: 42–48
Dujovny M, Kossovsky N, Laha RK, Leff L, Wackenhud N, Perlin A (1979a) Temporary microvascular clips. Neurosurgery 5: 456–463
Dujovny M, Wackenhut N, Kossovsky N, Gomes CW, Laha RK, Leff L, Nelson P (1979b) Minimal vascular occlusive force. J Neurosurg 51: 662–668
Dujovny M, Kossowsky R, Kossovsky N, Diaz FG, Ausmann JI (1984a) Corrosion of aneurysm clips: evaluation and clinical implications. Part II. Individual performance. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 72: 257–269
Dujovny M, Kossovsky N, Kossovsky R, Perlin A, Segal R, Diaz FG, Ausmann JI (1984b) Intracranial clips: an examination of the devices used for aneurysm surgery. Neurosurgery 14: 257–269
Dujovny M, Kossovsky R, Kossovsky N (1984c) Aneurysm clips. Correspondence. Neurosurgery 15: 607
Egléme C, Godfinind T, Miller RC (1984) Enhanced responsiveness of rat isolated aorta to clonidine after removal of the endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 81: 16–18
Fox JL (1976) Vascular clips for the microsurgical treatment of stroke. Stroke 7: 489–500
Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288: 373–376
Griffith TM, Edward DH, Lewis MJ, Newby AC, Henderson AH (1984) The nature of endothelium derived vascular relaxant factor. Nature 308: 645–647
Katusic ZS, Vanhoutte PM (1986) Anoxic contractions in isolated canine cerebral arteries. Contribution of endothelium derived factors, metabolites of arachidonic acid and calcium entry. J Cardiovasc Pharm 8 [Suppl 8]: 97–101
Katusic ZS, Shepherd JT, Vanhoutte PM (1987) Endothelium dependent contraction to stretch in canine basilar arteries. Am J Physiol 252: H671-H673
Keskil IS, Baykaner MK, Sencer H, Ataoğlu Ö, Ilgit E, Erdoğan B, Çeviker N, Ercan ZS (1994) Alteration by Iloprost of the vasospastic effects of Endothelin 1 in rabbit cerebral vessels. Neuroreport 5: 1089–1092
Kim P, Sundt TM Jr, Vanhoutte PM (1988b) Loss of endothelium dependent relaxations and maintenance of endothelium-dependent contractions in chronic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Wilkins RH (ed) Cerebral vasospasm. Raven, New York, pp 145–150
Manderson JA, Cocks TM, Campbell GR (1989) Balloon catheter injury to rabbit carotid artery. II. Selective increase in reactivity to some vasoconstrictor drugs. Arterioscler Thromb 9: 299–307
Manuel D, Osgood CP, Barrionevo PJ, Perlin A, Kossovsky N (1978) SEM evaluation of endothelial damage following temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in dogs. J Neurosurg 48: 42–48
Martin W, Furchgott RF, Villani GM, Jothianadan D (1986) Depression of contractile responses in rat aorta by spontaneously released endothelium derived relaxing factor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 237: 529–538
Moncada S, Herman AG, Vanhoutte PM (1987) Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is identified as nitric oxide. Trends Pharmacol Sci 8: 365–368
Nakagomi T, Kassell NF, Sasaki T, Lehman RM, Torner JJ, Hongo K, Lee JH (1988) Effect of removal of the endothelium on vasocontraction in canine and rabbit basilar arteries. J Neurosurg 68: 757–766
Ojemann RG, Heros RC, Crowell RM (eds) (1988) Surgical management of cerebrovascular disease. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 163–177
Orbay T, Ercan ZS, Seçkin Z, Ergün R (1990) Pharmacological response of endothelium to microvascular temporary clip application. Surg Neurol 33: 192–194
Palmer RMJ, Ferrige AG, Moncada S (1987) Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327: 524–526
Peerless SJ, Kassell NF, Komatsu K, Hunter JG (1980) Cerebral vasospasm: acute proliferative vasculopathy? II. Morphology. In: Wilkins RH (ed) Cerebral arterial spasm. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 88–96
Rosenbaum JT, Sundt TM (1978) Interrelationship of aneurysm clips and vascular disease. J Neurosurg 48: 929–934
Rubanyi GM, Lorenz RR, Vanhoutte PM (1985) Bioassay of endothelium-derived factor: inactivation by catecholamines. Am J Physiol 249: H95-H101
Sercombe R, Verrechia C, Oudart N (1985) Pial artery responses to norepinephrine potentiated by endothelium removal. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 5: 312–317
Sugita K (ed) (1985) Microneurosurgical atlas. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Suzuki J, Ohara H (1979) Origin, rupture, and growth of cerebral aneurysms: a clinicopathological study. In: Pia HW, Langmaid C, Zierski J (eds) Cerebral aneurysms — advances in diagnosis and therapy. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 28–40
Tsukahara T, Yonekawa Y, Yamamoto M, Kaku M, Ogata N, Taniguchi T (1993) Regeneration of the rat carotid artery after clipping injury. Part II. A pharmacological study. Neurosurgery 32: 73–78
Yaşargil MG, Fox JL (1975) The microsurgical approach to intracranial aneurysms. Surg Neurol 3: 7–14
Yaşargil MG (ed) (1984) Microneurosurgery, Vol 1. Thieme, New York, pp 17–23
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Keskil, S., Çeviker, N., Baykaner, K. et al. Early phase alterations in endothelium dependent vasorelaxation responses due to aneurysm clip application and related manipulations. Acta neurochir 139, 71–76 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01850871
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01850871