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Fifteen years' experience with the Multiload IUD

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Advances in Contraception

Abstract

The Multiload IUD with an exposed copper surface area of 250 mm2 (MLCu250) was developed in 1972 and has become one of the most widely used IUDs. Modifications to the MLCu250 include an increase in the area of exposed copper wire to 375 mm2 (the MLCu375) and an increase in the diameter of copper wire from 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The Multiload has been evaluated extensively in noncomparative and comparative clinical trials. In these latter studies the MLCu250 performed better than the Cu-7 and TCu-200, and the MLCu375 performed better than the Fincoid or Nova T and about equally as well as the TCu380. Pooled data from over 26,000 insertions of the MLCu250 gave the following 3-year cumulative event rates (per 100 women): pregnancy, 2.0; expulsion, 3.1; removal for pain/bleeding, 7.1. Comparative studies of the Multiload and other IUDs have shown all IUDs in current use are associated with similar rates of pelvic inflammatory disease. IUDs such as the MLCu375 that have larger copper surface areas appear to be associated with lower ectopic pregnancy rates. Follow-up studies of women who have had their Multiloads removed indicate that use of the device does not impair future fertility or affect pregnancy outcome. All IUD users, regardless of the type of IUD used, are at risk of complications. On balance, the benefits of IUD usage far exceed the associated risks.

Resumé

Le dispositif intra-utérin Multiload mis au point en 1972, dont la superficle d'exposition de cuivre est de 250 mm2 (MLCu250), est devenu le stérilet le plus largement utilisé. Ce MLCu250 a été modifié d'une part en augmentant la superficie du fil de cuivre exposé à 375 mm2 (le MLCu375) et d'autre part en portant le diamètre de ce fil de 0,3 à 0,4 mm. Le dispositif Multiload a fait l'objet de nombreuses évaluations par des essais cliniques non comparatifs et comparatifs. Dans ces derniers, le MLCu250 s'est révélé plus efficace que le Cu-7 et le TCu-200, et le MLCu375 plus efficace que le Fincoid ou le Nova T et à peu près aussi valable que le TCu380. La mise en commun des données relatives à 26,000 insertions du MLCu250 a fait ressortir les taux d'événements suivants cumulés sur trois ans (pour 100 femmes): grossesses, 2,0; expulsions, 3,1; retraits pour cause de douleurs ou de pertes sanguines, 7,1. Les études comparatives portant sur le Multiload et les autres DIU ont montré que tous les dispositifs utilisés couramment sont associés à des taux similaires d'affections pelviennes inflammatoires. Les dispositifs tels que le MLCu375 qui présentent une aire de cuivre plus importante semblent associés à des taux moins élevés de grossesses ectopiques. Des études de sulvi chez les femmes qui s'étaient fait enlever le dispositif Multiload qu'elles portaient ont indiqué que son utilisation ne compromet pas la fécondité ultérieure et n'a pas d'incidence sur l'aboutissement de la grossesse. Toutes les utilisatrices de DIU, sans distinction du type de stérilet employé, sont exposées à des risques. Mais, tous comptes faits, les avantages qu'apporte l'usage de ces dispositifs excèdent de beaucoup les risques qui lui sont associés.

Resumen

EI DIU Multiload con una expuesta área de cobre de 250 mm2 (MLCu250) fue puesto en práctica en 1972 y es uno de los DIU más usados. Las modificaciones del MLCu250 incluyen un aumento a 375 mm2 (el MLCu375) en el área expuesta de cobre, y un aumento do 0,3 a 0,4 mm en el diámetro del alambre de cobre. El Multiload ha sido extensamente evaluado en pruebas clínicas no comparadas y comparadas. En estos estudios más recientes, el MLCu250 actuó mejor que el Cu7 y que el TCu200 y el MLCu375 mejor que el Fincoid o el Nova T, y aproximadamente igual que el TCu380. Los datos combinados de más de 26 000 inserciones del MLCu250 han proporcionado las siguientes tasas acumulativas de eventos en tres años (por 100 mujeres); embarazo 2,0; expulsión 3,1; remoción por dolor/sangrado 7,1. Estudios comparativos del Multiload y otros DIU de uso corriente, están asociados a tasas similares de enfermedad inflamatoria pelviana. DIU tales como el MLCu375, que poseen una mayor superficie de cobre, parecen estar asociados con tasas menores de embarazos ectópicos. Estudios de seguimiento en mujeres cuyos Multiload fueron quitados, indican que el uso del dispositivo no perjudica la futura fertilidad ni afecta el resultado del embarazo. Todos las usuarias de DIU, no importa que tipo, corren riesgo de complicaciones. Haciendo un balance, los beneficios del uso de un DIU por lejos exceden los riesgos asociados.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elisabeth Gasthuis, PO Box 417, 2000 AK, Haarlem, The Netherlands

    W. A. A. Van Os

  2. Medical Research Consultants, Inc., 6 Winding Creek Lane, 27516, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

    D. A. Edelman

Authors
  1. W. A. A. Van Os
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  2. D. A. Edelman
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Van Os, W.A.A., Edelman, D.A. Fifteen years' experience with the Multiload IUD. Adv Contracept 4, 165–178 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01849434

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