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Rise and fall of an isolated, unstable carbonate platform: The Cambrian of Southwestern Sardinia

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Zusammenfassung

Starke Auswirkungen von Dehnungstektonik prägen die unter- und mittelkambrische Abfolge Südwest-Sardiniens. Diese belegen eine Ausdünnung der kontinentalen Kruste, die mit der Entwicklung eines passiven Kontinentalrandes während des Kambriums verbunden sein könnte. Hierfür sprechen die beobachteten verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien einer Plattform: (a) Siliciklastisch-karbonatische, homoklinale Rampe mit Algen-Archaeocyathen-Mounds (Epiphyton/Renalcis) im Westen, flachmarinen bis gezeitenbeeinflu\ten Bereichen im Osten. (b) Karbonatisch-siliciklastische Rampe oder Schelf mit einem randlichen Ooid-Untiefen-Komplex, der sich gegen Westen vorschob; im geschützten östlichen Bereich treten Peloid-Mudstones, Algen-Archaeocyathen Biostrome (Girvanella) und klastisch-karbonatische Gezeitenbildungen auf. (c) Isolierte Karbonatplattform, die sich bis zum Meeresspiegel hochbaute, im Südosten und Nordwesten des Gebietes von Bekkenbereichen mit Slumping und Breccienbildungen begrenzt. (d) Isolierte, überflutete Karbonatplattform; Barrieren zum offenen Meer brachen teilweise zusammen. (e) Isolierte Karbonatplattform mit erhöhten Rändern und tieferem Inneren; zahlreiche Breccienkörper treten in höchsten Teilen dieser Abfolge auf. (f) Zusammenbruch der Karbonatplattform (höchstes Unterkambrium), angezeigt durch Knollenkalke und Kalkschiefer. (g) Siliciklastika überlagern die Plattform.

Abstract

Strong effects of tensional tectonics dominate the Lower and Middle Cambrian sequence of Southwestern Sardinia. A thinning of the continental crust and the possible development of a passive margin in the Cambrian is indicated by different stages of evolution of a mainly carbonatic platform: (a) Clastic-carbonatic homoclinal ramp with algal-archaeocyathan mounds (Epiphyton/Renalcis) in the west, clastic shallow marine to tidal sequences in the east. (b) Carbonatic-clastic ramp or rimmed shelf with an ooid shoal complex, prograding towards the west. The back-shoal area contains peloidal mudstones, algal-archaeocyathan biostromes (Girvanella) and increasingly tidal deposits (clastic and carbonatic) towards the east. (c) Isolated platform, aggraded to sea level, rimmed by slope deposits with slumps and breccia-beds in the southeast and northwest. (d) Isolated, flooded platform; barriers towards the open sea partly broke down. (e) Isolated platform with raised rims and deep interior, often with thick breccia-beds in uppermost parts. (f) Break-down of the platform (late Early Cambrian), marked by nodular limestones and limestoneshale intercalations. (g) Terrigenous clastics cover the former platform.

Résumé

La série stratigraphique du Cambrien inférieur et moyen du sud-ouest de la Sardaigne a été fortement influencée par une tectonique de distension, qui implique un amincissement de la croûte continentale, sans doute lié au développement d'une marge passive au cours du Cambrien. Les arguments à l'appui de ce modèle sont fournis par les stades d'évolution successifs d'une plateforme, essentiellement carbonatée: (a) une rampe homoclinale, détritique-carbonatée, comportant à l'ouest des mounds à algues et archéocyathes (Epiphyton/Renalcis) et à l'est un milieu marin peu profond sous influence tidale; (b) une rampe carbonatéedétritique ou plateforme de haut-fond à ooÏdes qui s'est avancée vers l'ouest. La zone est d'arrière-barre comporte des mudstones à péloÏdes, des biostromes à algues (Girvanella) et archéocyathes et des sédiments carbonatés-détritiques de milieu intertidal; (c) une plateforme carbonatée isolée qui s'est développée jusqu'au niveau de la mer, bordée au sud-est et nord-ouest par des bassins à slumping et brèches; (d) une plateforme carbonatée isolée, inondée, dont les barrières vers la pleine mer se sont en partie détruites; (e) une plateforme carbonatée isolée dont les bords sont élevés et l'intérieur déprimé, recouverte par de nombreux corps bréchiques; (f) destruction de la plateforme carbonatée (partie supérieur de la Cambrien inférieur), indiquée par des calcaires à nodules et des calcschistes; (g) siliciclastes recouvrant la plateforme.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

УстАНОВИлИ, ЧтО НА Отл ОжЕНИь НИжНЕгО И сРЕД НЕгО кЕМБРИь НА УгО-жАпАДЕ сАРДИНИИ БОльшОЕ ВлИ ьНИЕ ИМЕлА тЕктОНИкА РАст ьжЕНИь. ЁтО пОДтВЕРжД АЕт УтОНшЕНИЕ МАтЕРИкОВОИ кОРы, кОт ОРОЕ МОглО Быть сВьжА НО с ОБРАжОВАНИЕМ пАссИ ВНОгО МАтЕРИкОВОгО к РАь ВО ВРЕМь кЕМБРИИскОгО п ЕРИОДА. В пОльжУ тАкОг О пРЕДпОлОжЕНИь гОВОРьт НАБлУДЕНИь ж А стАДИьМИ РАжВИтИь плАтФОРМы: А/ кРЕМНЕ-кл АстИЧЕскАь ИжВЕстНь кОВАь РАМпА с гОМОклИНАльН ыМ МАтЕРИАлОМ И пОстР ОИкАМИ ВОДОРОслЕИ — АРхЕОцИ тОВ / Epiphyton/Renalcis / НА жАпАДЕ И МЕлкОВОДНыМИ ДО жОН пРИлИВА-ОтлИВА ОтлОж ЕНИьМИ НА ВОстОкЕ, Б/ ИжВЕстНь кОВО-кРЕМНЕВАь плАст ИЧЕскАь РАМпА, ИлИ шЕльФ с кОМп лЕксОМ ООИДОВ пО кРАьМ, хАРАктЕРНыМИ Д ль МЕлкОВОДНых ОтлОж ЕНИИ; В жАЩИЩЕННОМ жАпАДНОМ ОтРЕжкЕ НАхОДьт АРгИ ллИтОВыЕ ОБРАжОВАНИь И АРхЕОц ИтОВыЕ БИОстРОМы /Girvanella /, А тАкжЕ И клАстИЧЕскИ Е ИжВЕстНькОВыЕ ОтлО жЕНИь жОНы пРИлИВА-ОтлИВА. В/ ОтДЕ льНыЕ ОтлОжЕНИь плАт ФОРМ ИжВЕстНькА ДОстИгАУ т УРОВНь МОРь, ОгРАНИЧ ЕННыЕ НА УгО-ВОстОкЕ И сЕВЕР О-жАпАДЕ ЁтОгО БАссЕИ НА ОпОлжНьМИ И БРЕкЧИьМ И. г/ ОтДЕльНыЕ жАтОпль ЕМыЕ ИжВЕстНькОВыЕ плАтФ ОРМы; БАРьЕР к ОткРытО МУ МОРУ пОРОИ МЕстАМИ НА РУшЕН. Д/ ОтДЕльНыЕ ИжВ ЕстНькОВыЕ плАтФОРМы с пОДНьтыМ И кРАьМИ, пОгРУжЕННыЕ В цЕНтРЕ; МНОгОЧИслЕН НыЕ БРЕкЧИИ ОтМЕЧАУт сь В ВЕРхНИх ОтДЕлАх сВИт ы. Е/ РАжРУшЕНИЕ кАРБОН АтНых плАтФОРМ пРОИсхОДИт В НИжНЕМ кЕМБРИИ; пОьВ льУтсь ИжВЕстНькОВыЕ жЕлВА кИ И слАНцы. ж/ НА плАтФ ОРМы ИДЕт ОтлОжЕНИЕ кРЕМН ЕклАстИЧЕскОгО МАтЕ РИАлА.

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  1. Thilo Bechstädt &  Matthias Selg

    Present address: Geolog. Institut d. Univ., Albertstr. 23B, D-7800, Freiburg

  2. Thomas Schledding

    Present address: IWF, Nonnenstieg 72, D-3400, Göttingen

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    Bechstädt, T., Schledding, T. & Selg, M. Rise and fall of an isolated, unstable carbonate platform: The Cambrian of Southwestern Sardinia. Geol Rundsch 77, 389–416 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01832387

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