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On the relationship between silica and carbonate diagenesis in deep-sea sediments

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Zusammenfassung

Die Diagenese von biogenem Silikat und Karbonat steht in engem Zusammenhang, wie Beobachtungen an Sedimenten der DSDP Sites 462, 463, 465, 466 und 577 zeigen. Karbonatische Sedimente, die biogenes SiO2 enthalten, zeichnen sich aus durch (1) größere Verfestigung und stärkere diagenetische Veränderungen — unabhängig von der Tiefe im Sediment, (2) mehr Lösung und Überwuchs an Mikrofossil-Komponenten, (3) höheren Anteil mikritischer Partikel wie auch größerer idiomorpher Kalzitkristalle, (4) stärkere Variation der sedimentphysikalischen Eigenschaften, speziell der Porosität und damit zusammenhängender Parameter.

Die Umkristallisation des biogenen SiO2 führt in ähnlich Zusammengesetzen Sedimenten zu einer drastischen Abnahme der spezifischen Oberfläche. Minimalwerte werden erreicht, wenn sich Quarz bildet.

Diagenetisch wichtig ist die Produktion von zusätzlichem Karbonat durch die Silizifizierung von Karbonatschalen. Dieses »Überschuß«-Karbonat wird dann als Überwuchs, Zement oder außen an den »Hornstein«-Aggregaten gefällt. Demzufolge beeinflußt die Diagenese von biogenem SiO2 auch die Karbonatdiagenese. Daher ist es sinnvoll, die Diagenese von biogenem SiO2 mit zu den Faktoren zu rechnen, die das »diagenetische Potential« — wie esSchlanger &Douglas (1974) definierten — ausmachen.

Abstract

Silica diagenesis and carbonate diagenesis are interrelated. This is confirmed by observations of DSDP Sites 462, 463, 465, 466, and 577. Carbonate sediments containing chert (1) tend to be more indurated and display more advanced diagenetic alterations, regardless of sub-bottom depth; and (2) microfossil components are more strongly affected (overgrown and/or dissolved), while the amount of micritic particles and larger, euhedral calcite crystals is greater. In addition, mass physical properties, porosity in particular, vary more widely in sediment sections containing chert. Furthermore, in the studied similarly composed sediments recrystallization of biogenic opal is indicated by a significant reduction of the specific surface area, reaching a minimum value when quartz is formed.

One possible mechanism involved is the production of «surplus« dissolved carbonate created by the replacement of carbonate material by silica during the process of chert formation and silicification. The «extra« carbonate is then available for precipitation as overgrowths and cement outside the chert nodules and silicified zones. Hence silica diagenesis, if it occurs early enough in the sediment, bears some influence on carbonate diagenesis. It is therefore suggested that silica diagenesis be added to the list of factors included in the «diagenetic potential« equation ofSchlanger &Douglas (1974).

Résumé

L'étude de sédiments provenant des sites DSDP 462, 463, 465, 466 et 577 montre qu'il existe une relation entre la diagenèse de la silice et celle du carbonate biogéniques. Les sédiments carbonatés qui renferment de la silice biogémque présentent: 1) une induration plus marquée et des modifications diagénétiques plus poussées — et ce indépendamment de la profondeur sous la surface du fond; 2) une dissolution et/ou un accroissement plus développés des micro-fossiles; 3) une plus grande teneur en particules micritiques et une plus grande taille des calcites idiomorphes; 4) un éventail plus large de leurs propriétés physiques, particulièrement de la porosité et des paramètres qui en dépendent.

La cristallisation de l'opale biogénique, dans des sédiments de compositions semblables, se traduit par une réduction drastique de la surface spécifique, qui atteint une valeur minimale lorsque du quartz est formé.

Un rôle diagénétique important est joué par l'excès de carbonate dissous engendré par la silicification de coquilles carbonatées; cet excès de carbonate est dès lors disponible pour la précipitation des auréoles d'accroissement et du ciment hors des nodules de chert et des zones silicifiées. Il s'ensuit que la diagenèse du SiO2 biogénique influence la diagenèse du carbonate. Il conviendrait dès lors d'ajouter la diagenèse de la silice à la liste des facteurs qui interviennent dans l'équation du «potentiel diagénétique» deSchlanger etDouglas (1974).

Краткое содержание

Как следует из наблюд ений за седиментами глубоководных буровых скважин в точ ках 462, 463, 465, 466 и 577, диагенез биогенног о силиката и карбонат а тесно связаны между собой. К арбонатные седимент ы, содержащие биогенную окись крем ния, характеризуются: 1) большей степенью лит ификации и более прогрессирующими диагенетическими из менениями, не зависим о от глубины залегания; 2) большим количеством раствора и более инте нсивным обрастанием этих микрофоссилий; 3) большим процентом ми критических частичек, как и больши ми изоморфными крист аллами кальцита и 4) более силь но выраженной вариац ией физических свойств с едимента, именно пори стости и связанных с ней парам етров.

Перекристаллизация биогенного SiO2 в седиме нтах сходного состава вед ет к резкому снижению удельной поверхности. Минимал ьные значения ее дост игаются при образовании квар ца.

Диагенетически важн ым является продукци я добавочного карбоната в результа те силицификации карбонатных скелето в. Этот »избыточный« к арбонат выпадает затем в виде обрастаний, цемента, и ли в виде аггрегатов «роговик а». Поэтому имеет смыс л причислять диагенез биогенной к ремниевой кислоты к факторам, которые обр азуют т.н. диагенетиче ский потенциал«, который о писали в 1974 году Schlanger & Douglas.

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  1. Linda A. Hobert

    Present address: , 73 Edgewood Avenue, 12203, Albany, New York, USA

  2. Andreas Wetzel

    Present address: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität, Bernoullistraße 32, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland

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  1. Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie der Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstraße 10, D-7400, Tü bingen, Federal Republic of Germany

    Linda A. Hobert & Andreas Wetzel

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Hobert, L.A., Wetzel, A. On the relationship between silica and carbonate diagenesis in deep-sea sediments. Geol Rundsch 78, 765–778 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01829321

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