References
Kapoor WN, Brant N. Evaluation of syncope by upright tilt testing with isoproterenol. A nonspecific test.Ann Intern Med 1992;116: 358–363.
Raviele A, Gasparini G, Di Pede F,et al. Nitroglycerin infusion during upright tilt: a new test for the diagnosis of vasovagal syncope.Am Heart J 1994;127: 103–111.
Micieli G, Cavallini A, Tasorelli C, Altavilla R, Bosone D, Nappi G. Bromocriptine test in neurocardiogenic syncope: a new diagnostic approach?Clin Autonom Res 1994;4: 78–79 (abstract).
Shen WK, Hammill SC, Munger TM, Stanton MS, Packer DL, Gersh J. Usefulness of adenosine in evaluating vasovagal syncope: comparison to tilt table and isoproterenol test.Circulation 1993;88: 2135 (abstract).
El-Bedawi KM, Hainsworth R. Combined head-up tilt and lower body suction: a test of orthostatic tolerance.Clin Auton Res 1994;4: 41–47.
Hainsworth R, El-Bedawi KM. Orthostatic tolerance in patients with unexplained syncope.Clin Auton Res 1994;4: 239–244.
El-Bedawi KM, Wahbha MMAE, Hainsworth R. Cardiac pacing does not improve orthostatic tolerance in patients with vasovagal syncope.Clin Auton Res 1994;4: 233–237.
Lewis T. Lecture on vasovagal syncope and carotid sinus mechanism.Br Med J 1932;1: 873–876.
Sra JS, Jazayeri MR, Avitall B,et al. Comparison of cardiac pacing with drug therapy in the treatment of neurocardiogenic (vasovagal) syncope with bradycardia or asystole.N Engl J Med 1993;328: 1085–1090.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaufman, H. Head-up tilt, lower body negative pressure, pacemakers and vasovagal syncope. Clinical Autonomic Research 4, 231–232 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01827426
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01827426