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Relation between metamorphic crystallization and deformation: an example from lower Himalayan terrain, India

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Zusammenfassung

Die metamorphen Gesteine (Salkhalas) aus dem Kishtwar Gebiet liefern einen Beweis für vier Deformationsphasen und drei Episoden einer Kristallisationsmetamorphose. Die letzte Deformationsphase ist mit keiner Neukristallisation verbunden. Die metamorphe Kristallisation verlief synkinematisch mit der ersten Deformationsphase (D1), setzte sich zunehmend fort über die zweite Phase (D2) hinaus und erreichte einen Höhepunkt in einer Post-D2-Phase. Die Mineralvergesellschaftungen zeigen einen Barrov-Typ von mäßigem bis hohem Druck. Dieser Metamorphose folgte eine Granitisierung, die mit einer Bildung von Migmatiten, und Augen- und porphyroklastischen Gneissen bis in die frühen Stadien der dritten Phase (D3) hinein verbunden war.

Das Wachstum der Indexmineralien zeigt eine zeitlich fortschreitende Metamorphose, die vor der Migmatisierung und der tektonischen Einengung stattfand. Die Metamorphose ist weiterhin kein Resultat der Granitintrusion, sondern wahrscheinlich durch Wärmefluß aus dem Erdmantel verursacht.

Abstract

The metamorphic rocks (Salkhalas) of Kishtwar area bear evidence of four phases of deformation and three episodes of metamorphism. The last deformational phase has however not initiated crystallization of new phase. The metamorphic crystallization was synkinematic to first phase of deformation with the rise in grade during post D1 phase which continued and reached its culmination in post D2 phase. The mineral assemblages suggest medium to high pressure Barrovian type metamorphism. This was followed by granitization leading to the formation of migmatites, augen & porphyroblastic gneisses in the late stages persisting till early D3 phase. The growth of index minerals suggest that the metamorphism was progressive in time and it predates migmatization and thrusting in the area. The metamorphism is not caused by the granite intrusion but is probably related to heat flow from the mantle in its disturbance during Himalayan orogeny.

Résumé

Les roches métamorphiques (Salkhalas) de la région de Kishtwar mettent en évidence quatre phases de déformation et trois épisodes de métamorphisme. La dernière phase de déformation n'a toutefois pas entraîné de néveristallisatiòn. La cristallisation métamorphique a été syncinématique de la première phase déformative, avec élévation de son degré au cours de la phase consécutive á D1 qui continua et atteignit son plus haut point dans la phase postérieure á D2. Les associations minérales suggérent un métamorphisme Barrovien de moyenne à haute pression. Celui-ci a été suivi par une granitisation conduisant à la formation de migmatites, de gneiss oeillés et porphyroblastiques au cours des derniers stades qui ont persisté jusqu'au début de la phase D3. La croissance des minéraux index suggére que le métamorphisme fut progressif au cours du temps et qu'il ert antérieur à la migmatization et au charriage dans la région. Le métamorphisme n'a pas pour cause l'intrusion granitique, mais est probablement en relation avec le flux de chaleur au cours des perturbations dans le manteau.

Краткое содержание

По метаморфным пород ам (Salkhalas) области Киштвар доказали наличие 4-х фаз деформации и 3-х эпизод ов кристаллизационн ого метаморфизма при кри сталлизации. При последней фазе де формации новая крист аллизация места не имела. Метамо рфная кристаллизация прот екала синкинетическ и с первой фазой деформации (D1; он а продол жалась, все усиливаяс ь, и в течение второй фа зы деформации (D2) и достиг ла своего кульминационного пу нкта по завершению эт ой последней. Характер а ссоциации минера лов указывает на тип Barrov'a при среднем до высоко го давления. За этим мета морфиз мом следует гранитиз ацию, связанная с обра зованием мигматитов, а также гл азковых и порфирокластическ их гнейсов, и продолжа вшаяся и на ранней стадии третей фазы де формации (D3).

Увеличение индекса м инералов заставляет думать о увеличивающимся во в ремени метаморфизме, имевше м место до мигматизац ии и тектонического сдав ливания. Этот метаморфизм не являе тся следствием грани тизации, но вызван, вероятно, прит оком тепла из мантии Земли.

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Das, B.K. Relation between metamorphic crystallization and deformation: an example from lower Himalayan terrain, India. Geol Rundsch 68, 351–364 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01821137

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