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Ignimbritic cauldrons, alkali granites, and mineral deposits in fault-block mountains

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Zusammenfassung

Mit Blockgebirge wird hier ein in Horste und Gräben zerlegtes Hochgebirge bezeichnet, das ensialisch durch Dehnung im Hinterland einer Subduktionszone entstanden ist. Durch Unterschiebung noch hei\er ozeanischer Kruste, Ausdünnung der kontinentalen Kruste und partielle Aufschmelzung sowie Manteldiapire wurde gro\räumig ein Magmatismus ausgelöst, der an Beispielen aus drei Lagerstättenprovinzen erläutert wird:

  1. 1.

    Südwestliches Nordamerika (mitteltertiäre peralkaline Ignimbrite und resurgente Calderen),

  2. 2.

    Zentraliran (infrakambrische Ignimbrite und Riebekkit-Granit)

  3. 3.

    Arabischer Schild (Alkaligranite und Rhyolithe, 625-570 m.y.).

Es wird eine Systematik der an resurgente Calderen gebundenen Minerallagerstätten vorgestellt. Sie umfa\t Imprägnationslagerstätten (Cu, Mo, Sn), Skarnlagerstätten, massive Magnetiterze, Beryll-Pegmatite, sedimentäre Lagerstätten (Pb-Zn; Hg, U, Li; Mn, Borate, Zeolithe), vererzte Schlote (Au, U, Apatit), Ganglagerstätten (Au, Ag, Te, Fluorit, U) und hydrothermale Verdrängungen (Alunit). Der Wert einiger dieser Lagerstätten übersteigt 10 Milliarden DM zu heutigen Preisen. Das auf resurgenten Calderen beruhende Explorationskonzept hat auch in anderen Gebieten Aussicht auf Erfolg.

Abstract

The term fault-block mountains refers to an orogen, formed in an ensialic back arc by extension. The voluminous magmatism due to underplating of hot oceanic lithosphere, extrem thinning of the continental lithosphere and partial melting as well as mantle diapirs will be examplified by three ore provinces:

  1. 1.

    Southwestern North America (Middle Tertiary peralkaline ignimbrites and resurgent cauldrons)

  2. 2.

    Central Iran (Infracambrian ignimbrites and riebeckitegranite)

  3. 3.

    Arabian Shield (Infracambrian alkaligranites and rhyolites, 625-570 m.y.).

An overview of mineral deposits related to resurgent cauldrons will be given, encompassing disseminated deposits (Cu, Mo, Sn), skarns, massive magnetite ores, beryl pegmatites, sedimentary deposits (Pb-Zn; Hg, U, Li; Mn, borates, zeolites), mineralized vents (Au, U, apatite), vein type deposits (Au, Ag, Te, fluorite, U) and hydrothermal replacements (alunite). The value of several deposits exceeds 10 billion German Marks at current prices. The exploration concept based on resurgent cauldrons may also be applied successfully in other provinces.

Résumé

Le terme »fault-block mountains« désigne ici une zone de relief découpée en horsts et grabens, formée par extension crustale dans l'arrière-pays d'une zone de subduction. De telles régions sont le siège d'un magmatisme volumineux, qui résulte de la descente de la lithosphère océanique encore chaude, de l'amincissement de la croûte continentale, de fusions partielles et de diapirisme mantélique. Ceci est illustré par trois exemples de provinces métallogéniques:

  1. 1.

    le sud-ouest de l'Amérique du Nord (ignimbrites peralcalines et »resurgent cauldrons« du Tertiaire moyen);

  2. 2.

    l'Iran central (ignimbrites infra-cambriennes et granites à riebeckite);

  3. 3.

    le bouclier arabique (granites alcalins et rhyolites de 625-570 Ma).

Une systématique des gisements liés aux »resurgent cauldrons« est présentée. Elle inclut des gisements d'imprégnation (Cu, Mo, Sn), de skarns, de magnétite massive, des pegmatites à béryl, des gisements sédimentaires (Pb-Zn, Hg, U, Li, Mn, borates, zéolites), des cheminées minéralisées (Au, U, apatite), des veines minéralisées (Au, Ag, Te, fluorine, U) et des gÎtes de substitution hydrothermaux (alunite).

La valeur de certains de ces gisements dépasse 10 milliards de DM au cours actuel. Le système d'exploration basé sur le modèle des »resurgent cauldrons« peut également Être appliqué avec succès à d'autres régions.

кРАткОЕ сОДЕРжАНИЕ

глыБОВыМИ гОРАМИ ИМЕ НУУтсь жДЕсь гОРсты И гРАБЕНы гОРНОгО хРЕБтА, ОБРАж ОВАВшИЕсь ЁНсИАлИЧЕ скИ В РЕжУльтАтЕ РАстьжЕ НИь В тылОВОМ ОтРЕжкЕ жОНы жАсАсыВАНИь. пОДДВИг ЕЩЕ гОРьЧЕИ О кЕАНИЧЕскОИ кОРы, УтОНшЕНИЕ МАтЕР ИкОВОИ кОРы И ЧАстИЧН ОЕ РАсплАВлЕНИЕ, кАк И ДИ АпИРы МАНтИИ ьВльУтс ь пРИЧИНОИ ОБшИРНОгО М АгМАтИжМА, кОтОРыИ Оп ИсАН НА пРИМЕРАх тРЕх пРОВ ИНцИИ РУДНых МЕстОРО жДЕНИИ:

  1. 1.

    УгОжАпАДНАь сЕВЕРНА ь АМЕРИкА — сРЕДНЕтРЕ тИЧНыЕ пЕРЩЕлОЧНыЕ ИгНИМБР Иты И РЕжУРгЕНтНыЕ кАльДЕРы.

  2. 2.

    цЕНтРАльНыИ ИРАН — ИН ФРАкЕМБРИИскИЕ ИгНИ МБРИты И РИБЕкИтНыЕ гРАНИты.

  3. 3.

    АРАВИИскИИ ЩИт — ЩЕлО ЧНыЕ гРАНИты И РИОлИт ы, 625−570 МИллИОНОВ лЕт.

пРЕДстАВлЕНА сИстЕМ АтИкА РУДНых МЕстОРО жДЕНИИ, кОтОРыЕ сВьжАНы с РЕж УРгЕНтНОИ кАльДЕРОИ: МЕстОРОжДЕНИь ВкРАп лЕННых РУД (сИ, Mo, Sn), скАРНО ВыЕ РУДНыЕ жАлЕжИ, МАссИВ НыЕ РУДы МАгНЕтИтА, БЕРИлл-пЕгМАтИтА, ОсА ДОЧНыЕ МЕстОРОжДЕНИ ь (Рь Zn; Hg, U, Li; Mn, БОРАт, цЕОлИт), ОРУДЕ НЕННыЕ жЕРлА (Au, U, АпАтИт), жИльНыЕ МЕст ОРОжДЕНИь (Au, Ag, тЕ, ФлУОРИт, U) И гИДРОтЕ РМАльНыЕ МЕстОРОжДЕ НИь (АлУНИт). ОпИсАННыЕ жДЕ сь РУДНыЕ МЕстОРОжДЕ НИь с ЁкОНОМИЧЕскОИ тОЧкИ жРЕНИь ОцЕНИВАУтсь В 10 МИллИАРДОВ МАРОк. МЕтОДИкА РАжВЕ ДкИ, РАжРАБОтАННАь НА РЕжУРгЕНтНых кАль ДЕРАх, ьВльЕтсь пЕРсп ЕктИВНОИ И В ДРУгИх РЕгИОНАх.

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  1. Hansgeorg Förster

    Present address: Institut für Mineralogie und Lagerstättenlehre der Rhein.-Westf. Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Wüllnerstr. 2, D-5100, Aachen

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    Paper presented on February 28, 1986, during the annual meeting of Geologische Vereinigung at Gie\en, Germany.

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    Förster, H. Ignimbritic cauldrons, alkali granites, and mineral deposits in fault-block mountains. Geol Rundsch 76, 373–388 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01821081

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