Summary
Different degrees of severity in global brain oedema were induced by varying amounts of water intoxication (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml Aqua dest./kg b.wt. intravenously) in groups of six cats, which were functionally nephrectomized. Animals loaded with physiological saline and sham-operated served as controls.
Two hours following the water load, the tissue concentrations of CrP, ATP, ADP, AMP, pyruvate, glucose, and lactate were determined by optical enzymatic analysis. The results show disturbances in brain energy metabolism dependent on the severity of the brain oedema. The high energy compounds and in consequence the ATP/ADP-ratio, and respectively the energy charge potential, fall in direct relationship to the severity of the brain oedema. Lactate and lactate-pyruvate ratio increase. The energy source of the cell, glucose as well as pyruvate, significantly falls in the group with severe brain oedema. The results of the brain energy metabolism were compared with our previous study concerning the brain water content, rCBF and CPP in global brain oedema (Meiniget al. 1973). The results show that the disturbances of energy metabolism are directly related to the rCBF and are not dependent on CPP over a wide range.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adam, H., Adenosin-5-diphosphat and Adenosin-5-monophosphat. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, p. 573 (Bergmeyer, H. U., ed.). Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie. 1962.
Atkinson, E. A., The energy charge of the adenylate pool as a regulatory parameter. Interaction with feedback modifiers. Biochemistry7 (1968), 4030–4034.
Baethmann, A., Lanksch, W., Schmiedek, P., Formation and treatment of cerebral edema. Neurochirurgica17 (1974), 37–47.
Bartko, D., Reulen, H. J., Koch, H., Schürmann, K., The time course of hemodynamic and metabolic alteration in brain following a regional brain ischemia. (In preparation.)
Brock, M., Schürmann, K., Hadjidimos, A., Cerebral blood flow and cerebral death. Acta Neurochir.20 (1969), 195–209.
Bücher, Th., Czok, R., Lamprecht, W., Latzko, E., Pyruvat. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, p. 253 (Bergmayer, H. U., ed.). Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie. 1962.
Dalquen, U., Veränderungen der energiereichen Phosphate im Hirngewebe sowie von Glucose, Lactat und Pyruvat im Hirngewebe, Serum und cisternalen Liquor beim Ödem nach Wasserintoxication. Inauguraldissertation Mainz, 1973.
Eklöf, B., Siesjö, B. K., Cerebral blood flow and cerebral energy state. Acta Physiol. Scand.82 (1971), 409–411.
Frei, H. J., Pöll, W., Reulen, H. J., Brock, M., Schürmann, K., Regional energy metabolism, tissue lactate content and rCBF in cold injury oedema. In: Brain and Blood Flow, pp. 125–129 (Russel, R. W. R., ed.). London: Pitman. 1971.
—, Wallenfang, Th., Pöll, W., Reulen, H. J., Schubert, R., Brock, M., Regional cerebral blood flow and regional metabolism in cold induced oedema. Acta Neurochir.29 (1973), 15–28.
Granholm, L., Kaasik, A. E., Nilsson, L., Siesjö, B. K., The lactate/pyruvate ratios of cerebro-spinal fluid of rats and cats related to the lactate/pyruvate, the ATP/ADP and the phosphocreatine/creatine ratios of brain tissue. Acta Physiol. Scand.74 (1968), 398–409.
—, Siesjö, B. K., The effects of hypercapnia upon the cerebrospinal fluid lactate, and pyruvate concentrations and upon lactate, pyruvate, ATP, ADP, phosphocreatine and creatine of the cat tissue. Acta Physiol. Scand.75 (1969), 257–266.
Hadjidimos, A., Brock, M., Baum, P., Schürmann, K., Cessation of cerebral blood flow in total irreversible loss of brain function. In: Cerebral Blood Flow, pp. 209–212 (Brock, M., Fieschi, C., Ingvar, D. H., Lassen, N. A., Schürmann, K., eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer. 1969.
—, Reulen, H. J., Brock, M., Deruaz, J. P., Brost, F., Fischer, F., Samii, M., Schürmann, K., rCBF, tissue water content and tissue lactate in brain tumors. In: Brain and Blood Flow, pp. 378–385 (Russel, R. W. R., ed.). London: Pitman. 1971.
Hohorst, H. J., L-(+)-Lactat-Bestimmung mit Lactat-Dehydrogenase und DPN. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, p. 266 (Bergmeyer, H. U., ed.). Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie. 1962.
Jørgensen, E. O., Brodersen, P., Kriterier for død. Saertryke fra Nordisk Medici86 (1971), 1549–1560.
Kaasik, A. E., Nilsson, L., Siesjö, B. K., The effect of asphyxia upon lactate, pyruvate and bicarbonate concentrations of brain tissue and cisternal CSF, and upon the tissue concentrations of phosphoreatine and adenine nucleotides in anesthetized rats. Acta Physiol. Scand.78 (1970), 433–447.
— — —, The effect of arterial hypotension upon the lactate, pyruvate and bicarbonate concentrations of brain tissue and cisternal CSF, and upon the tissue concentrations of phosphocreatine and adenine nucleotides in anesthetized rats. Acta Physiol. Scand.78 (1970), 448–458.
Koch, H. W., Die Entwicklung des frühen cerebralen Ödems, cerebrale Hämodynamik und cerebraler Metabolismus nach Occlusion der A. cerebri media bei der Katze. Inauguraldissertation 1973 (Mainz).
Lamprecht, W., Trautschold, I., Adenosin-5′-triphosphat. Bestimmung mit Hexokinase und Zwischenverment. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, p. 543 (Bergmeyer, H. U., ed.). Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie. 1962.
—, Stein, Ph., Creatinsphosphate. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, p. 610 (Bergmeyer, U. H., ed.). Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie. 1962.
Ljungren, B., Granholm, L., Schultz, H., Siesjö, B. K., Energy state of the brain during and after compression ischemia. In: Intracranial Pressure, pp. 90–95 (Brock, M., Dietz, H., eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer. 1972.
Lowry, O. H., Passonneau, J. V., Hasselberger, F. X., Schulz, D. W., Effect of ischemia on known substrates and co-factors of the glycolytic pathway in brain. J. Biol. Chem.239 (1964), 18–30.
McMillan, V., Siesjö, B. K., Critical oxigen tension in the brain. Acta Physiol. Scand.82 (1971), 412–414.
Meinig, G., Reulen, H. J., Magawly, Chr., Regional cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in global brain oedema induced by water intoxication. Acta Neurochir.29 (1973), 1–13.
Messeter, K., Siesjö, B. K., Regulation of intracellular pH in the rat brain in chronic hypercapnia. Acta Physiol. Scand.79 (1970), 136–138.
Ponten, U., Jagodzinski, Z., Nilsson, B., Brain energy metabolism in head injury. In: Recent progress in neurological surgery, pp. 300–309 (Sano, K., Ishii, S., eds.). Amsterdam-New York: American Elsevier Publishing Co. Inc. 1974.
Reulen, H. J.,et al., Elektrolytes, fluids, and energy metabolism in human cerebral edema. Arch. Neurol.21 (1969), 517–525.
—, Steude, U., Brendel, W., Hilber, C., Prusiner, S., Energetische Störungen des Kationentransports als Ursache des intrazellulären Hirnödems. Acta Neurochir.22 (1970), 129–166.
Reulen, H. J., Hadjidimos, A., Schürmann, K., The effect of Dexamethasone on water and electrolyte content and on rCBF in perifocal brain edema in man. In: Steroids and Brain Edema, pp. 239–252 (Reulen, H. J., Schürmann, K., eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer. 1972.
—, Vasogenic Brain Oedema. New Aspects in its Formation, Resolution and Therapy. Brit. J. Anaesth.48 (1976), 741–752.
Schmahl, F. W., Betz, E., Talke, H., Hohorst, H. J., Energiereiche Phosphate und Metabolite des Energiestoffwechsels in der Großhirnrinde der Katze. Biochem. Zschr.342 (1965), 518–531.
— —, Oettinger, E., Hohorst, H. J., Energiestoffwechsel der Großhirnrinde und Elektroencephalogramm beim Sauerstoffmangel. Pflügers Arch.292 (1966), 46–59.
Schmiedek, P., Baethmann, A., Sippel, G., Öttinger, W., Enzenbach, R., Marguth, F., Brendel, W., Energy state and glycolysis in human cerebral edema. J. Neurosurg.40 (1974), 351–364.
Schönhals, D., Die Veränderungen des Extracellulärraumes sowie der intra-und extracellulären Ionenkonzentrationen beim Hirnödem nach Wasserintoxikation. Med. Diss. Mainz, 1973.
Seitz, H. D., Hirschauer, M., Metzel, E., Schrader, H., Zimmermann, W. E., Krainick, J. U., Mundinger, F., Klinische und tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zum Hirnstoffwechsel und zur Hirndurchblutung bei Schädelhirntrauma. Neurochirurgica6 (1972), 201–209.
Siesjö, B. K., On the bicarbonic/carbonic acid puffer system of the cerebral cortex. Lund Med. Diss. 1962.
—, Kjälquist, A., Zwetnow, N. N., The CSF lactate/pyruvate ratio in cerebral hypoxia. Life Sciences7 (1968), 45–52.
—, Zwetnow, N. N., Effects of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure upon adenine nucleotides and upon lactate and pyruvate in rat brain tissue. Acta Neurol. Scand.46 (1970), 187–202.
— —, The effect of hypovolemic hypotension on extra- and intracellular acidbase parameters and energy metabolites in the rat brain. Acta Physiol. Scand.79 (1970), 114–124.
—, Nilsson, L., The influence of arterial hypoxemia upon labile phosphates and upon extracellular and intracellular lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the rat brain. Scand. J. Clin. and Lab. Invest.27 (1971), 83–96.
—, Messeter, K., Factors determining intracellular pH. In: Homeostasis of brain, pp. 244–263 (Siesjö, B. K., Sorensen, S. C., eds.). Copenhagen: Munksgaard. 1972.
Slein, M. W., D-Glucose. Bestimmung mit Hexokinase und Glucose-6-Phosphat-Dehydrogenase. In: Methoden der enzymatischen Analyse, p. 117 (Bergmeyer, H. U., ed.). Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie. 1962.
Sunder-Plassmann, L., Pfeiffer, R., Jesch, F., Meßmer, K., Sauerstofftransport und Hämodynamik nach Blutersatz durch stromafreie Hämoglobinlösung. Langenbecks Arch. Chir. suppl. Chir. Forum1973, Nr.77, 329–334.
Thorn, W., Scholl, H., Pfleiderer, G., Mueldener, B., Metabolic process in the brain at normal and reduced temperatures and under anoxic and ischaemic conditions. J. Neurochem.2 (1958), 150–165.
Wallenfang, T. H., Schubert, R., Frei, H. J., Reulen, H. J., Schürmann, K., The influence of normocapnia, moderate and pronounced hypocapnia on rCBF, local tissue water content and energy metabolism in cerebral oedema. Modern aspects of Neurosurgery3 (1973), 180–183. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.
Williamson, D., Lund, P., Krebs, H. A., The redox state of free nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide in the cytoplasma and mitochondria of rat liver. Biochem. J.103 (1967), 514–527.
Zwetnow, N. N., Effects of increased CSFP on the blood flow and the energy metabolism. Acta Physiol. Scand.339 (1970), 1–31.
—, The influence of an increased intracranial pressure on the lactate, pyruvate, bicarbonate, phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentration of the cerebral cortex of dogs. Acta Physiol. Scand.79 (1970), 158–166.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meinig, G., Reulen, H.J., Magawly, C. et al. Brain energy metabolism in global brain oedema. Acta neurochir 41, 273–286 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01811341
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01811341