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Reference Notes
Marcuse, H.One dimensional man Boston: Beacon Press, 1964. Horkheimer, M.Eclipse of reason New York: Seabury Press, 1974. Noble, D.F.America by design New York: Alfred Knopf, 1977. Aronowitz, S.False promises New York: McGraw Hill, 1973.
Freiberg, J.W. “Critical social theory in the American conjunction.” In J.W. Freiberg (Ed.),Critical Sociology. New York: Irvington Press, 1979, 1–21.
Gitlin, T., “Media sociology,”Theory and Society 6, 1978, 205–253.
Hoyles, M. “The history and politics of literacy.” In M. Hoyles (Ed.),The politics of literacy. London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative, 1977, 14–32.
Gitlin,, 205. Aronowitz, S. “Mass culture and the eclipse of reason,”College English, April 1977, Vol. 38., No. 8, 768.
Technological utopianism finds its most popular expression in McLuhan, M.Understanding media. New York: Signet Books, 1963; technological fatalism is captured flawlessly in Ellul, J.The technological society. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965. A critique of both of these positions can be found in Giroux, H.A. “The politics of technology, culture, and alienation,”Left Curve 6 Summer-Fall 1976, 32–42.
Lasch, C.Haven in a heartless world. New York: Basic Books, 1977, 93–94. Dreitzel, H.P. “On the political meaning of culture.” In N. Birnbaum (Ed.),Beyond the crisis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977, 83–138.
Gramski, A.Prison notebooks. New York: International Publishers, 1971; an excellent representative sampling of Frankfurt School writers can be found in A. Arato and E. Gebhardt (Eds.)The essential Frankfurt school reader. New York: Urizon Books, 1978.
Bourdieu, P. & Passeron, J.C.Reproduction in education, society and culture. London: Sage Publications, 1977. Bernstein, B.Class, codes, and control Vol. 3: Towards a theory of educational transmissions. London & Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975.
Braverman, H.Labor and monopoly capital. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974. Ewen, op. cit., 195.
McCarthy, T.The critical theory of Jurgen Habermas. Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 1978,37.
One critic claims that American society is characterized by a “falling rate of intelligence, one that represents a tendency rather than an iron law. Intellectual obsolescence annihilates memory and history so as to spur stagnating demand and production. The result is memoryless repetition — a social amnesia.” Russell Jacoby, “A falling rate of intelligence,”Telos, Spring 1976,27, 144.
See Ben-Horin, D. “Television without tears,”Socialist Review, September–October, 1977,35, 7–35.
Gouldner, A.The dialectic of ideology and technology. New York: Seabury Press, 1976.
Enzensberger, op. cit., 94–28.
Aronowitz,False promises, 50–134.
Adorno, T. “Television and patterns of mass culture.” In B. Rosenberg, & D. Manning White, (Eds.), Mass culture: The popular arts in America. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1957, 484.
Aronowitz, “Mass culture and the eclipse of reason,” p. 770. Also see Lazere, D. “Literacy and political consciousness: A critique of left critiques,”Radical Teacher, May 1975,8, 20–21.
MacDonald, J. “Reading in an electronic age.” In MacDonald, J. (Ed.),Social perspectives in reading. Delaware: International Reading Association, 1973, 24–27. Also Enzensberger, op. cit., 95–128.
Gitlin, “Media Sociology,” passim.
Negt, O. “Mass media: Tools of domination or instruments of liberation,”New German Critique. Spring 1978,14, 70.
Examples of this tendency have been critiqued in Elsasser, N. & John-Steiner, V.P. “An interactionist approach to advancing literacy,”Harvard Educational Review, 1977, Vol. 43, No. 3, 355–369. Representative examples of positivist approaches to literacy in reading can be found in Calfee, R.C. & Drum, P.A. “Learning to read: Theory, research, and practice,”Curriculum Theory, Fall, 1978, Vol. 8, No. 3, 183–250.
Giroux, H.A. “Beyond the limits of radical educational reform: Towards a critical theory of education,”Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 1980, Vol. 2, No. 1.
References
Apple, M.W. “Television and cultural reproduction,” Journal of Aesthetic Education, October 1979,12, 109.
Brecht, B. “In praise of learning.” In M. Hoyles (Ed.).The politics of literacy. London: Writers and Readers Publishing Cooperative, 1977, 78.
Dreitzel, H.P. “On the political meaning of culture.” In N. Birnbaum (Ed.),Beyond the crisis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Ewen, S.Captains of consciousness. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
Williams, R.Television, technology and cultural form. New York: Schocken Books, 1975.
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Giroux, H.A. Mass culture and the rise of the new illiteracy: Implications for reading. Interchange 10, 89–98 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01810821
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01810821