Zusammenfassung
Eine Simulation des Zustands der eiszeitlichen Atmosphäre (18000 Jahre vor heute) wird vorgestellt. Das T21-Modell (allgemeines Zirkulationsmodell der Atmosphäre), entwickelt am Europäischen Zentrum für Mittelfrist-Wettervorhersage, wurde zur Berechnung von sechs Jahresgängen verwendet. Die Ergebnisse der oberflächennahen Klimatologie (2 m-Temperatur, 10 m-Wind und Niederschlag) werden präsentiert als Mittel über die letzten fünf Modelljahre. Die Darstellung ist eingeschränkt auf Januar- und Julimittel, um die eiszeitlichen Änderungen im Sommer und Winter deutlich zu machen. Die Antwort des Modells auf die eiszeitlichen Randbedingungen stimmt recht gut überein mit paläogeologischen Landdaten und mit anderen Simulationsrechnungen. Obgleich die Klimaunterschiede in der eiszeitlichen und der heutigen Modellatmosphäre statistisch signifikant sind, wurde die Grundstruktur der atmosphärischen Zirkulation vom T21-Modell nur wenig verändert.
Abstract
A simulation of the atmospheric state under ice age conditions (18,000 years before present) is presented. The T21 Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM), originally developed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, was used for the calculation of six annual cycles. Results of the near-surface climatology (2 m-temperature, 10 m-wind, and precipitation), averaged over the last five model years, are presented. The presentation is restricted to January and July means in order to demonstrate the glacial changes in summer and winter. The model's response to ice age boundary conditions was quite consistent with paleogeological data on land and with AGCM experiments of other studies. Although the differences between the mean climate states of the model atmosphere under glacial and modern boundary conditions were statistically significant, the basic structure of the simulated atmospheric circulation was not altered substantially.
Résumé
Cette note présente une simulation de l'état de l'atmosphère dans les conditions de l'âge glaciaire, il y a 18.000 ans. Le calcul de 6 cycles annuels a été effectué au moyen du modèle T 21 de la circulation atmosphérique générale développé au Centre Européen de prévision du temps à moyen terme. Les éléments du climat proche de la surface (température à 2 m, vent à 10 m, précipitations) sont présentés en moyenne des cinq dernières années du modèle. Ces éléments sont limités aux moyennes de janvier et de juillet, de manière à mettre en évidence les changements hiver/été. La réponse du modèle aux conditions aux limites de l'âge glaciaire est en bon accord avec les données paléontologiques de terrain ainsi qu'avec d'autres calculs de simulation. Bien qu'il existe d'importantes différences climatiques entre les modèles d'atmosphère de l'âge glaciaire et d'aujourd'hui, la structure de base de la circulation atmosphérique du modèle T 21 est peu modifiée.
Краткое содержание
Представлена модель состояния атмосферы во время ледникового периода, 18000 лет тому назад. Модель Т 21 = модел ь общей циркуляции атмосферы, = разработа нную Европейским Метереологическим Ц ентром для предсказа ния погоды на отрезок вре мени средней продолжительности, п рименили для вычисле ния температуры за после дние 6 лет. Результаты наблюдения за климат ом слоев атмосферы, расположенных близь поверхности Земли — 2м для температуры и 10 м дл я ветров и дождей пред ставили, как средние величины за последние 5 лет. Все те изменения а тмосферы, которые происходили в ледник овом периоде, изобраз или графически, причем дл я ясности взяли только данные середи ны января и июля. Повед ение модели на ледниковых краевых условиях хорошо согласуются с палеогеографически ми данными о материках и с другими моделями. Хотя различия в клима те ледникового перио да и сегодняшней атмосф еры по модельным опыт ам оказались существен ными, но основные пути циркуляции атмо сферы по модели Т 21 проявляют очень незн ачительные отклонен ия от таковых сегодняшн его дня.
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Lautenschlager, M. Simulation of the ice age atmosphere — January and July means. Geol Rundsch 80, 513–534 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01803684
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01803684