Abstract
The close structural similarity between the commutation relations of harmonic oscillator operators and the operators for Bose fields is exploited to study the excitation spectrum in superfluid helium 4. By applying ‘broken symmetry’ condition it is shown how the creation of phonon gives rise to superfluid behaviour of liquid He 4. The energy gap needed for roton excitation is derived.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barton C., Introduction to advanced field theory. Intersc., Publ., New York 1963, p. 118.
Lipkin H. J., Lie group for pedestrians. North Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam 1965.
Pauli W., Z. Phys.36 (1926), 336.
Fock V., Phys.98 (1935), 145.
Bargman V., Z. Phys.99 (1936), 576.
Bogoliubov N. N., J. Phys. (USSR)11 (1947), 23.
Ezawa H., Iuban M., J. Math. Phys.28 (1967), 6.
Leplae L., Sen R. W., Umazawa R., N. Cimento X,49 (1967), 1, 35.
Landau L., Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.11 (1947), 91.
Landau L., Eksp. Teor. Fiz.5 (1951), 71.
Goldstone J., N. Cimento19 (1961), 54.
Goldstone J., Salam A., Weinberg S., Phys. Rev.127 (1962), 968.
Bludman S., Klein A., Phys. Rev.131 (1963), 2364.
Jona-Lasinio G., N. Cimento X,34 (1964), 1790.
Streater R. F., Phys. Rev. Lett.15 (1965), 475.
Bardeen J., Cooper L. W., Schrieffer J. K., Phys. Rev.108 (1957), 1175.
Haag R., N. Cimento23 (1962), 237.
Takashashi Y., Umazawa H., Physica30 (1964), 49.
Hammermesh M., Group theory and its application to physical problems, Addison Wesley, Reading (Mass.) 1962.
Baym G., Pretik C., Pines D., Nature224 (1964), 674.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The author is thankful to Prof. N. N.Raina, and Prof. R. S.Sharma for constant encouragement.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmad, M. Dynamical effects in superfluid helium 4. Czech J Phys 25, 1127–1138 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01798694
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01798694