Skip to main content
Log in

Delayed childbearing in contemporary Spain: trends and differentials

Délais dans la procréation en Espagne contemporaine: tendances et différences

  • Published:
European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the last decade, family formation patterns in Spain have undergone a process of substantial transformation. Younger cohorts are increasingly postponing marriage and, once they enter marriage, they tend to delay childbearing. Partly as a result of these timing shifts, period measures such as total fertility rates are likely to underestimate “true” fertility levels. This study focuses on the first stage of family formation: the transition to motherhood. Following a birth interval approach, the analysis depicts recent trends and differentials in the timing of first birth and explores the role of premarital pregnancies and contraceptive practice on first interval dynamics.

Résumé

Durant la dernière décennie en Espagne, les types de constitution de la famille ont connu de substantielles transformations. Les plus jeunes cohortes prolongent leur célibat et, une fois mariées, tendent à retarder leurs naissances. En partie comme un effet de ces changements temporels, les mesures transversales, telles que la fécondité cumulée, sous-estiment vraisemblablement les “vrais” niveaux de la fécondité. Cette étude concentre son attention sur la prémière étape de la formation des familles: la transition vers la maternité. En utilisant une approche longitudinale, on analyse les tendances et les différences dans le calendrier de la première naissance et l'on explore le rôle des grossesses prémaritales et des pratiques contraceptives sur la dynamique de l'intervalle entre mariage et première naissance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agüero, I. and Olano, A., 1980. La evolución reciente de la fecundidad en España. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 10: 121–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitkin, M. and Clayton, D., 1980. The fitting of the exponential, weibull and extreme value distributions to complex censored survival data using GLIM. Applied Statistics, 29: 156–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcobendas, P., 1984. The employment of women in Spain. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allison, P.D., 1982. Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories. In: S. Leinhardt, ed. Sociological Methodology 1982. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA: 61–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Arango, J., 1987. La modernización demográfica de la sociedad española. In: J. Nadal, A. Carreras and C. Sudrià, eds. La economía española en el siglo XX: una perspectiva histórica. Ariel, Barcelona: 201–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, R.J. and Nelder, J.A., 1978, The GLIM-system, Release 3. Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G., 1981. A Treatise on the Family. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernhardt, E.M., 1989. Fertility and employment. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography No. 55, University of Stockholm.

  • Blake, J. and Del Pinal, J., 1980. Educational attainment and reproductive preferences: theory and evidence. In: C. Hohn and R. Mackensen, eds. Determinants of Fertility Trends: Theories Re-examined. Ordina Editions for IUSSP, Liège: 59–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blayo, C., 1987. La fécondité en Europe depuis 1960: convergence ou divergence? Plenaries of the European Population Conference 1987. Central Statistical Office of Finland, Helsinki.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, D.E., 1984. Delayed childbearing in the United States. Population Research and Policy Review, 3: 103–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bumpass, L.L., Rindfuss, R.R. and Janosik, R., 1978. Age and marital status at first birth and the pace of subsequent fertility. Demography, 15: 75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castro Martin, T., 1990. Recent patterns of family formation in Spain: a sequential analysis of parity transitions. PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, R. and Morgan, P., 1991. Recent trends in first birth timing in the United States. Demography, 28, 523–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane, S., 1983. Effects of education and urbanization on fertility. In: R. Bulatao and R. Lee, eds. Determinants of Fertility in Developing Countries, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York: 587–626.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D.R., 1972. Regression models and life tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 34: 187–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, J.C., 1980. Fertility and female employment: problems of causal direction. American Sociological Review, 45: 161–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado Pérez, M. and Fernández Cordón, J.A., 1989. La fecundidad en España desde 1975. Documento de Trabajo 2, Instituto de Demografía, Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díez Nicolás, J. and de Miguel, J., 1981. Control de natalidad en España. Fontanella, Barcelona.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feeney, G., 1983. Population dynamics based on birth intervals and parity progressions. Population Studies, 37: 75–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernández Cordón, J.A., 1986. Análisis longitudinal de la fecundidad en España. Actas del simposio internacional sobre tendencias demográficas y planificación económica, Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda, Madrid: 49–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilks, W.R., 1986. The relationship between birth history and current fertility in developing countries. Population Studies, 40: 437–455.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, W.W. and Martínez-Aguado, T., 1987. Las determinantes de la fecundidad dentro del matrimonio en España. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 39: 195–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobcraft, J. and Rodríguez, G., 1980. Some methodological issues on life-table analysis of birth histories. Paper presented at the IUSSP seminar on analysis of maternity histories, London.

  • Hobcraft, J. and Murphy, M., 1986. Demographic event history analysis: a selective review. Population Index, 52: 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoem, J.M., 1985. The impact of education on modern union initiation. Stockholm Research Reports in Demography No. 27, University of Stockholm.

  • Hoffert, S.L., 1984. Long-term economic consequences for women of delayed childbearing and reduced family size. Demography, 21: 141–155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E.F., 1982. Socio-economic differentials in achieved fertility. WFS Comparative Studies 21, ECE Analysis of WFS Surveys in Europe and USA, International Statistical Institute, Voorburg, Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoo, S. and Krishnamoorthy, S., 1985. Changes in the timing of births in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of Biosocial Science, 17: 235–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamas, L., 1985. Birth Intervals, parity-specific fertility and stable populations. PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leasure, W., 1963. Factors involved in the decline of fertility in Spain 1900–1950. Population Studies, 16: 271–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linhard, J., 1983. Family planning in Spain. International Family Planning Perspectives, 9: 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Livi Bacci, M., 1968. Fertility and nuptiality in Spain from the late 18th to the early 20th century. Population Studies, 22: 83–102, 211–234.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loh, S. and Ram, B., 1990. Delayed childbearing in Canada: trends and factors. Genus, 66: 147–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marini, M.M., 1984. Women's educational attainment and the timing of entry into parenthood. American Sociological Review, 49: 491–511.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monnier, A., 1990. Actualité démographique européenne. Population et Société No. 250, INED, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreno-Navarro, L., 1987. Fertility change in five Latin American countries: a covariance analysis of birth intervals. Demography, 24: 23–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Pérez, F., 1987. Le déclin de la fécondité dans le sud de l'Europe. Population, 6: 911–942.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namboodiri, K. and Suchindran, C.M., 1987. Life table techniques and their applications. Academic Press, Studies in Population, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, J.L. and McCulloch, C.E., 1984, A hazard rate approach to the timing of births. Econometrica, 52: 939–961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ní Bhrolcháin, M., 1988. The contraceptive confidence idea: an empirical investigation. Population Studies, 42: 205–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palloni, A. and Sorensen, A., 1986, Methods for the analysis of event history data. Center for Demography and Ecology Working Paper No. 86-36, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reher, D.S., 1991. Marriage patterns in Spain, 1887–1930. Journal of Family History, 16: 7–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rindfuss, R.R. and Bumpass, L.L., 1978. Age and the sociology of fertility: how old is too old? In: K. Taeuber, L. Bumpass and J. Sweet, eds. Social Demography. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rindfuss, R.R., Palmore, J.A. and Bumpass, L.L., 1982. Selectivity and the analysis of birth intervals from survey data. Asian and Pacific Census Forum, 8: 5–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rindfuss, R.R., Morgan, S.P. and Swicegood, G., 1988. First Births in America: Changes in the Timing of Parenthood. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez, G., Hobcraft, J., McDonald, J., Menken, J. and Trussell, J., 1984. A comparative analysis of birth intervals. WFS Comparative Studies No. 30, International Statistical Institute, Voorburg, Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, N.B., 1980. Components of temporal variations in American fertility. In: R.W. Horns, ed. Demographic Patterns in Developed Societies. Taylor Francis, London: 11–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryder, N.B., 1982. Progressive fertility analysis. WFS Technical Bulletin No. 8, International Statistical Institute, Voorburg, Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sáez, A., 1979. La fécondité en Espagne depuis le début du siècle. Population, 6: 1007–1022.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet, J.A., 1981. Work and fertility. In: G.L. Fox, ed. The Childbearing Decision. Sage, New York: 197–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teachman, J.D. and Polonko, K., 1985. Timing of the transition to parenthood: a multidimensional birth-interval approach. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47: 867–879.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trussell, J., Martin, L., Feldman, R., Palmore, J., Concepcion M. and Bakar, D., 1985. Determinants of birth interval length in the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia: a hazard-model analysis. Demography, 22: 145–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsui, A.O., 1982. The family formation process among US marriage cohorts. Demography, 19: 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walter, C.A., 1986. The Timing of Motherhood. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkie, J.R., 1981. The trend toward delayed parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43: 583–591.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martín, T.C. Delayed childbearing in contemporary Spain: trends and differentials. Eur J Population 8, 217–246 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01797211

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01797211

Keywords

Navigation