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Cerebral tuberculoma — A comparative study in patients with and without HIV infection

Zerebrales Tuberkulom. Vergleichsstudie bei Patienten mit und ohne HIV-Infektion

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Summary

The microbiological, clinical and radiological findings of cerebral tuberculomas in four patients with and in five patients without HIV infection were compared. The study was carried out during the last 14 years. The CT scans were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Cerebral tuberculoma in HIV-negative patients was clinically characterized by seizures, while in HIV-positive patients this finding was absent. All four HIV-infected patients had headache and fever and their CSF showed lymphocytic meningitis. Two HIV-negative and three HIV-positive patients had concurrent extracerebral tuberculosis. In HIV-infected patients, the cerebral tuberculoma was a secondary finding of disseminated tuberculosis. In our small patient samples, the cerebral tuberculoma presented as spontaneous hypodense cerebral lesions in all the HIV-positive patients but as a hyperdense cerebral lesion in the HIV-negative patients. Two patients of each group had ring enhancement lesions. Cerebral tuberculoma was diagnosed in about 4 weeks for HIV-positive patients, but took some 16 weeks for HIV-negative patients, the latter being first suspected of having a cerebral tumor or bacterial abscess. Diagnostic craniotomy was thus necessary for the HIV-negative patients. One patient of each group died as a consequence of cerebral tuberculoma, all the remaining patients improved with treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Die mikrobiologischen, klinischen und röntgenologischen Befunde eines zerebralen Tuberkuloms wurden bei vier Patienten mit und fünf Patienten ohne HIV-Infektion verglichen. Die Studie wurde während der vergangenen 14 Jahre durchgeführt. Die Computertomogramme (CT) wurden blind ausgewertet. Die klinische Symptomatik des zerebralen Tuberkuloms bei HIV-negativen Patienten ist durch Krampfanfälle charakterisiert, die bei HIV-positiven Patienten nicht beobachtet wurden. Alle vier HIV-infizierten Patienten hatten Kopfschmerzen und Fieber. Im Liquor wurde der Befund einer lymphozytären Meningitis erhoben. Zwei HIV-negative und drei HIV-positive Patienten hatten zugleich eine extrazerebrale Tuberkulose. Bei HIV-infizierten Patienten stellte das zerebrale Tuberkulom eine sekundäre Manifestation einer disseminierten Tuberkulose dar. In unserer kleinen Patientengruppe bot das zerebrale Tuberkulom im Spotan-CT bei HIV-positiven Patienten das Bild einer hypodensen Läsion, bei den HIV-negativen Patienten hingegen einer hyperdensen Läsion. Bei zwei Patienten jeder Gruppe fand sich eine Ringverstärkung. Das zerebrale Tuberkulom wurde bei den HIV-positiven Patienten etwa nach vier Wochen, bei einigen der HIV-negativen Patienten aber erst nach 16 Wochen diagnostiziert. Bei den letztgenannten Patienten bestand Verdacht auf einen Hirntumor oder einen bakteriellen Abszeß. Die diagnostische Kraniotomie war daher bei den HIV-negativen Patienten erforderlich. In je einem Fall führte das zerebrale Tuberkulom zum Tode, bei allen anderen Patienten trat nach Behandlung Besserung ein.

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Martínez-Vázquez, C., Bordón, J., Rodríguez-González, A. et al. Cerebral tuberculoma — A comparative study in patients with and without HIV infection. Infection 23, 149–153 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01793855

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