Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Detection of human cytomegalovirus in urine samples by cell culture, early antigen assay and polymerase chain reaction

Nachweis von humanem Zytomegalievirus in Urinproben mittels Zellkultur, Early-Antigen-Test und Polymerasekettenreaktion

  • Originalia
  • Published:
Infection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

With the advent of effective therapy rapid, sensitive and reliable assays for diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are required. In a total of 1,928 urine samples, detection of HCMV-immediate early antigen in a spin amplified microplate culture by a monoclonal antibody and immunoperoxidase staining (EA-assay) was compared with virus isolation in cell culture. Sensitivity of the EA assay was 85.5% and specificity was 99.5% compared with virus isolation. Overall agreement of both assays was 97.8%. In addition, in 235/1,928 urine samples amplification of HCMV-DNA was performed by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers from the immediate early (IE1) gene region and 141/1,928 using primers from the late region (LA). The sensitivity of PCR compared with virus isolation was 67.8% for IE1 primers and 94.1% for LA primers (statistical significance: p<0.01, Chi-square-test). Overall agreement between virus isolation and PCR was 88.5% for IE1-PCR and 84.4% for LA-PCR. Discordant results were more often found in adults with acute infection and immunocompromised patients than in infants.

Zusammenfassung

Schnelle und verläßliche Teste für die Diagnostik von Zytomegalie- (CMV) Infektionen sind besonders seit dem Aufkommen einer effektiven antiviralen Therapie gefordert. Bei insgesamt 1928 Urinproben wurde der Nachweis von CMV-Frühantigen in Zentrifugationskultur (Mikrotiterplatte) mit einem monoklonalen Antikörper und Immunperoxidase-Färbung (Early-Antigen-Test) mit der herkömmlichen Virusisolierung in Zellkultur verglichen. Die Sensitivität des Early-Antigen-Tests betrug 85,5%, die Spezifität 99,5% im Vergleich zur Virusisolierung. Die Übereinstimmung beider Tests war 97,8%. Zusätzlich erfolgte in 235 der 1928 Urinproben der Nachweis von CMV-DNS mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) mit Primern aus dem Bereich des viralen Immediate-Early-Gens (IE1) und in 141 der 1928 Proben mit Primern aus dem Bereich des Late-Gens (LA). Im Vergleich zur Virusisolierung erreichte die PCR eine Sensitivität von 67,8% mit IE1-Primern und von 94,1% mit LA-Primern (statistische Signifikanz: p<0.01, Chi-square-Test). Die Übereinstimmung von Virusisolierung und PCR betrug 88,5% (IE1) und 84,4% (LA). Bei Erwachsenen mit akuter Infektion und Immunsupprimierten Patienten waren die Ergebnisse weniger übereinstimmend als bei Kindern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Boppana, S. B., Pass, R. F., Britt, W. J., Stagno, S., Alford, C. A. Symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection, neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 11 (1992) 93–99.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Demmler, G. J. Infectious Diseases Society of America and Centers for Disease Control: Summary on a workshop on surveillance for congenital cytomegalovirus disease. Rev. Infect. Dis. 13 (1991) 315–329.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. van Son, W. J., The, T. H. Cytomegalovirus infection after organ transplantation: an update with special emphasis on renal transplantation. Transpl. Int. 2 (1989) 147–164.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Weber, B., Hamann, B., Ritt, H., Rabenau, H., Braun, W., Doerr, H. W. Comparison of shell vial culture and serology for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and immunocompromised subjects. Clin. Invest. 70 (1992) 503–507.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Meyer, G., Enders, G. Correlation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) detection in urine by tissue culture virus isolation, early antigen immunofluorescence test and nucleic acid hybridization. Infection 3 (1988) 153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Woods, G. L., Johnson, A. M., Thiele, G. M. Clinical comparison of two assays for rapid detection of cytomegalovirus early nuclear antigen. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 93 (1990) 373–377.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Popow-Kraupp, T., Kunz, Ch. Detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens by virus isolation and by a monoclonal antibody against the early nuclear antigen. J. Med. Virol. 24 (1988) 275–282.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Demmler, G. J., Buffone, G. J., Schimbor, C. M., May, R. A. Detection of cytomegalovirus in urine from newborn by using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification. J. Infect. Dis. 158 (1988) 1177–1184.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kühn, J. E., Braun, R. W., Schäfer, P., Wieland, U., Eggers, H. J. Diagnostik der Zytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Infektion mittels Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). Klin. Lab. 38 (1992) 261–270.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schacherer, Ch., Braun, W., Bauer, G., Doerr, H. W. Detection of cytomegalovirus in bronchial lavage and urine using a monoclonal antibody to an HCMV early nuclear protein. Infection 16 (1988) 288–292.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Saiki, R. K., Gelfand, D. H., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S. J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G. T., Mullis, K. B., Erlich, H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239 (1988) 487–491.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Arens, M., Owen, J., Hagerty, C. M., Reed, C. A., Storch, G. A. Optimizing recovery of cytomegalovirus in the shell vial procedure. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 14 (1991) 125–130.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Grefte, J. M. M., van der Gun, B. T. F., Schmolke, S., van der Giessen, M., van Son, W. J., Plachter, B., Jahn, G., The, T. H. The lower matrix protein pp65 is the principal viral antigen present in peripheral blood leukocytes during an active cytomegalovirus infection. J. Gen. Virol. 73 (1992) 2923–2932.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rabella, N., Drew, W. L. Comparison of conventional and shell vial cultures for detecting cytomegalovirus infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28 (1990) 806–807.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Forbes, B. A., Bartoloma, N. Y. Detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens using shell vial centrifugation and conventional culture. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10 (1988) 121–124.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Swenson, P. D., Kaplan, M. H. Comparison of two rapid culture methods for detection of cytomegalovirus in clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 25 (1987) 2445–2446.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Daiminger, A., Enders, G.: Prevention of cytotoxic effects of urine samples in the CMV early antigen assay by ultrafiltration. Laboratoriumsmedizin (1993), in press.

  18. Khan, G., Kangro, H. O., Coates, P. J., Health, R. B. Inhibitory effects of urine on the polymerase chain reaction for cytomegalovirus DNA. J. Clin. Pathol. 44 (1991) 360–365.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Alford, C. A., Stagno, S., Pass, R. F., Britt, W. J. Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infections. Rev. Infect. Dis. 12 (1990) 745–753.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Prösch, S., Kimel, V., Dawydowa, I., Krüger, D. H. Monitoring of patients for cytomegalovirus after organ transplantation by centrifugation culture and PCR. J. Med. Virol. 38 (1992) 246–251.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Einsele, H., Ehninger, G., Steidle, M., Vallbracht, A., Müller, M., Schmidt, H., Saal, J. G., Waller, H. D., Müller, C. A. Polymerase chain reaction to evaluate antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus disease. Lancet 338 (1991) 1170–1172.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Daiminger, A., Schalasta, G., Betzl, D. et al. Detection of human cytomegalovirus in urine samples by cell culture, early antigen assay and polymerase chain reaction. Infection 22, 24–28 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01780759

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01780759

Keywords

Navigation