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A comparative study by electron microscopy of the structures of effective and ineffective nodules ofTrifolium subterraneum induced byRhizobium trifolii andRhizobium leguminosarum

Etude comparative en microscopie électronique de la structure des nodules efficaces et inefficaces de Trifolium subterraneum induits par Rhizobium trifolii et Rhizobium leguminosarum

Estudio comparativo mediante microscopia electronica de las estructuras de nodulos eficaces e ineficaces de Trifolium subterraneum inducidos por Rhizobium trifolii y Rhizobium leguminosarum

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Summary

Bacteroid formation and haemoglobin pigment were observed 3 days after the appearance of nodules formed by the effectiveRhizobium trifolii strain TA1 onTrifolium subterraneum. Effective nodules were large and cylindrical and evidence of bacteroid degeneration did not appear until about 21 days. Electron microscopy of ineffective nodules formed byRhizobium trifolii strain 6 showed limited meristematic activity and vascular development, and infection threads were sparse. Degeneration of plant cells and bacteria was visible by 3 days and mostly complete by 14 days. Both types of nodules occurred randomly over the root system. In contrast, the ineffective nodules formed byRhizobium leguminosarum strains onTrifolium subterraneum, occurred mainly at lateral root junctions with vascular connections to either the primary or lateral root depending on strain. Infection thread development was widespread and most cells were invaded. The released bacteria became pleomorphic and rounded, the nodules became cylindrical, enlarged slightly but remained white. Degeneration was apparent at 5 days and complete by 14 days in nodules formed by strain 1020A, but nodules formed by strain 1013 degenerated more slowly and degenerate cells sometimes showed secondary invasion by vegetative rhizobia.

Résumé

La formation de bactéroides et la production de leg-hémoglobine ont été observées 3 jours après l'apparition des nodules formés surTrifolium subterraneum par la souche efficace TA1 deRhizobium trifolii. Les nodules efficaces sont larges et cylindriques, et les signes de la dégénérescence en bactéroides n'apparaissent pas avant 21 jours. La microscopie électronique des nodules inefficaces formés par la souche 6 deR. trifolii montre une activité méristématique et un développement vasculaire faibles, et les filaments d'infection sont rares. La dégénérescence des cellules végétales et des bactéries est visible au bout de 3 jours et presque complète en 14 jours. Les deux types de nodules sont répartis au hasard sur le système racinaire. Par contre, les nodules inefficaces formés par les souches deR. leguminosarum surT. subterraneum sont répartis préférentiellement sur les jonctions racinaires latérales, les connections vasculaires étant, suivant la souche, dirigées vers la racine primaire ou vers la racine latérale. Le développement des filaments d'infection est très répandu et la plupart des cellulessont envahies. Les bactéries relâchées deviennent pléomorphes et arrondies; les nodules deviennent cylindriques et légèrement renflés, mais restent incolores La dégénérescence est apparente après 5 jours et complète en 14 jours dans les nodules formés par la souche 1020A, mais ceux formés par la souche 1013 dégénèrent plus lentement et les cellules dégénérées présentent parfois une invasion secondaire par des rhizobiums végétatifs.

Resumen

Se observó la formación de bacteroides y de (leg)hemoglobina tres días después de laapparación de nódulos formados por la cepaeficaz TA1 deRhizobium trifolii enTrifolium subterraneum. Los nódulos eficaces eran grandes y cilíndricos. No hubo evidencia de degeneración de bacteroides hasta pasados 21 dias. El estudió al microscopio electrónico de nódulos no eficaces formados por la cepa 6 deR. trifolii mostro una actividad meristemática reducida al igual que el desarrollo vascular, siendo escasas la lineas de infección. La degeneración de las células de la planta y de las bacterias era observable a los 3 días y practicamente completa a los 14. Los nódulos formados por ambas cepas se distribuyen al azar en todo el sistema radicular, en cambio, los nódulos ineficaces formados enT. subterraneum porR. leguminosarum se encuentran principalmente en conexiones vasculares laterales con raíces primarias o secundarias, dependiendo de la cepa. La línea de infección en este caso está ampliamente desarrollada y la mayoría de las células estan invadidas. Las bacterias que han sido liberadas se vuelven esféricas y pleomórficas, los nódulos se vuelven cilíndricos y aumentan ligeramente de tamaño pero permanecen blancos. La degeneración de los nódulos formados por la cepa 1020A era aparente a los 5 días y completa a los 14. Sin embargo, los nódulos formados por la cepa 1013 degeneraron más lentamente y las células degeneradas mostraron una invasión secundaria porRhizobium vegetativos.

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Misra, A., Chandler, M.R. & Hepper, C.M. A comparative study by electron microscopy of the structures of effective and ineffective nodules ofTrifolium subterraneum induced byRhizobium trifolii andRhizobium leguminosarum . World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1, 83–96 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01748157

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