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Lead, copper and zinc in atmospheric and fluvial particulates from the Caracas Valley, Venezuela

Environmental Geochemistry and Health volume 16, pages 129–136 (1994)Cite this article

Abstract

The atmospheric particulates from the Caracus Valley in Venezuela and the fluvial particulates transported by the Tuy River into the Caribbean sea have been evaluated for Pb, Cu and Zn with the purpose of determining the contamination levels in the study area. The atmospheric particulate samples were collected in the city of Caracas using a low volume sampler whereas the fluvial particulate were collected at the mouth of the Tuy River. The particulate samples were analysed by flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry depending upon the concentration levels of the heavy metal under study. The results obtained for the fluvial particulates enabled estimates to be made of the total anthropogenic flux of Cu (383 ton year−1), Pb (528 ton year−1) and Zn (865 ton year−1). These results yield annual per capita inputs for Cu (96 g),Pb (132 g) and Zn (216 g) which greatly exceed those from global anthropogenic emissions. The weighted average concentration of Pb (1.13 %) found in the atmospheric particulates was much higher than those for Cu (140 mg kg−1) and Zn (200 mg kg−1) and reflects the high motor car traffic in the Caracas Valley. The anthropogenic/natural ratios estimated in this study were as follows: 2.6 for Pb; 1.5 for Cu and 1.5 for Zn. This indicates that anthropogenic inputs for Cu, Pb, and Zn in the study area exceed those from natural sources, cars being the major source for Pb and industrial activities the major sources for Cu and Zn.

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Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, P.O. Box 3895, 1010-A, Caracas, Venezuela

    Armando J. Ramirez

  2. Centro de Quimica Analitica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Central de Venezuela, P.O. Box 47102, 1041-A, Caracas, Venezuela

    Alberto J. Fernández

  3. Centro de Quimica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, P.O. Box 21827, 1020-A, Caracas, Venezuela

    Rebeca Fraile

Authors
  1. Armando J. Ramirez
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  2. Alberto J. Fernández
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  3. Rebeca Fraile
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Ramirez, A.J., Fernández, A.J. & Fraile, R. Lead, copper and zinc in atmospheric and fluvial particulates from the Caracas Valley, Venezuela. Environ Geochem Health 16, 129–136 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01747909

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01747909

Keywords

  • Natural Source
  • Venezuela
  • Graphite Furnace
  • Anthropogenic Emission
  • Anthropogenic Input