Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Are human DNA tumour viruses involved in the pathogenesis of human neurogenic tumours?

  • Editorial
  • Published:
Neurosurgical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

There are numerous reasons for assuming a participation of DNA viruses in the pathogenesis of certain types of human neurogenic tumours, although proof of a causal relationship is still missing. The observations and data can be summarized as follows:

  1. 1)

    many of the known animal and human viruses transform cells in vitro and induce tumours (even transplacentally) in animals, including primates. Some DNA tumour viruses are highly neurooncogenic

  2. 2)

    viral DNA becomes stably integrated into the cell genome of virus-induced experimental brain tumours and is thus immortalized in these cells

  3. 3)

    the analysis of “morphological revertants” of virus-induced tumour cells that resemble their non-tumour parent cells, demonstrates that maintenance and expression of the tumour phenotype depend on the presence of the viral genome

  4. 4)

    experimental virus-induced neurogenic tumours very often closely resemble their human counterparts in terms of histopathological and electronmicroscopic features, biochemical properties, and pattern and behaviour of metastasis

  5. 5)

    the viruses in question are ubiquitous in the human population, lead to persistent infections, can cross anatomical barriers such as the bloodbrain barrier or placental barrier, and are either sporadically or frequently involved in human CNS infections

  6. 6)

    some data have been interpreted as preliminary evidence for an involvement of oncogenic viruses in the etiology of human neurogenic tumours: existence of common brain tumour-associated antigens; association of certain HLA types with certain neurogenic tumours; higher incidence of neoplasms in individuals having received tumour virus-contaminated vaccines; presence of tumour-specific DNA sequences in certain human brain tumours, which are absent in non-neoplastic tissues

  7. 7)

    tumour viruses have been visualized in and isolated from human brain neoplasms

  8. 8)

    virus-related neoantigens are frequently detected in certain human brain tumours, and antibodies against these neoantigens are found in the sera of patients with these tumours

  9. 9)

    virus-related nucleic acid sequences are present in the majority of human brain tumours studied, if sufficiently sensitive techniques are applied, and they are absent in normal non-neoplastic tissues.

Zusammenfassung

Nach heutigem Kenntnisstand erscheint eine Mitbeteiligung onkogener Viren an der Entstehung menschlicher Tumoren des Nervensystems möglich. Der Beweis für einen wirklichen Kausalzusammenhang steht jedoch noch aus. Die bisher erhobenen Befunde und Beobachtungen lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen:

  1. 1)

    viele der bekannten Viren von Tieren und Menschen haben die Fähigkeit, in vitro Zellen zu transformieren. In vivo lassen sich mit diesen Viren bei Nagern und Primaten sowohl nach systemischer Inokulation als auch transplazentar Tumoren induzieren. Einige DNA Tumorviren sind äußerst neuro-onkogen.

  2. 2)

    virale DNA wird in das zelluläre Genom von virustransformierten Zellen integriert und damit in diesen Zellen immortalisiert

  3. 3)

    die Analyse von ≫morphologischen Revertanten≪ virusinduzierter Tumorzellen, die ihren nicht-malignen Elternzellen ähneln, zeigt, daß die Ausprägung und Aufrechterhaltung des Tumorphänotyps von der Anwesenheit des viralen Genoms in den Zellen abhängig ist

  4. 4)

    experimentelle virusinduzierte Tumoren ähneln sehr oft den analogen, beim Menschen gefundenen Tumortypen in bezug auf histologische und elektronenmikroskopische Beschaffenheit, biochemische Eigenschaften und Metastasierungsverhalten

  5. 5)

    viele der in Frage kommenden Viren sind beim Menschen weit verbreitet, führen zu persistierenden Infektionen, können anatomische Barrieren wie die Blut-Hirn- oder Plazentaschranke überwinden und sind entweder sporadisch oder häufig an ZNS-Infektionen beteiligt

  6. 6)

    einige Befunde können als vorläufige Hinweise für eine Beteiligung onkogener Viren an der Pathenogenese menschlicher Hirntumoren gewertet werden: die Existenz gemeinsamer gehirntumorspezifischer Antigene; die Assoziation bestimmter HLA Antigene mit bestimmten neurogenen Tumoren; die höhere Tumorrate in Personen, die mit tumorvirus kontaminierten Impfstoffen behandelt wurden; die Existenz tumorspezifischer DNA Sequenzen in manchen neurogenen Tumoren des Menschen und ihre Abwesenheit in normalen Geweben

  7. 7)

    Tumorviren wurden in manchen menschlichen Gehirntumoren nachgewiesen und sogar aus ihnen isoliert

  8. 8)

    virusspezifische Neoantigene werden häufig in bestimmten Hirntumoren gefunden; Antikörper gegen diese Neoantigene finden sich im Serum von Patienten mit diesen Tumoren

  9. 9)

    virusspezifische Nukleinsäuresequenzen sind in den meisten menschlichen Hirntumoren nachweisbar, wenn man empfindliche Methoden anwendet, und fehlen in normalen, nicht-neoplastischen Geweben.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Andiman, W. A., R. I. Jacobson, G. Tucker: Leukocyteassociated viremia with adenovirus type 2 in an infant with lower respiratory tract disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 297 (1977) 100–101

    Google Scholar 

  2. Asch, B. B., K. J. McCormick, E. A. Stenback, J. J. Trentin: Virus specific markers and virus-like particles in cell lines of tumours produced by CELO virus in golden hamsters. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 61 (1978) 163–171

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aström, K. E., E. L. Mancall, E. P. Richardson: Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. A hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Brain 81 (1958) 93–111

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bastian, F. O.: Papova-like particles in a human brain tumour. Lab. Invest. 25 (1971) 169–175.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Becker, L. E., O. Narayan, R. T. Johnson: Studies of human papova virus tumour antigen in experimental and human cerebral neoplasms. J. Canad. Sci. Neurol. 3 (1976) 105–109

    Google Scholar 

  6. Behrend, R. C.: Epidemiology of brain tumours. In: Vinken, P. J., G. W. Bruyn: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 16. North-Holland Publ., Amsterdam 1974, 56–88

    Google Scholar 

  7. Beller, A. J., M. Feinsod, A. Sahar: The possible relationship between small dose irradiation to the scalp and intracranial meningiomas. Neurochirurgia (Stuttg.) 15 (1972) 135–143

    Google Scholar 

  8. Benyesh-Melnik, M., H. S. Rosenberg: The isolation of adenovirus type 7 from a fatal case of pneumonia and disseminated disease. J. Pediat. 64 (1964) 83–87

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bertrams, J., P. Schildberg, W. Hopping, U. Böhme, E. Albert: HLA antigens in retinoblastomas. Tissue Antigens 3 (1973) 78–87

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bertrams, J.: HLA and disease association. Behring Inst. Mitt. 62 (1978) 69–92.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bigner, D. D., C. N. Pegram: Virus-induced experimental brain tumours and putative associations of viruses with human brain tumours. Advanc. Neurol. 15 (1976) 57–83

    Google Scholar 

  12. Blair, A., H. M. Hayes: Cancer and other causes of death among US veterinarians, 1966–1977. Int. J. Cancer 25 (1980) 181–185

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brobst, D. F., G. C. Dulac: Meningeal tumours induced in calves with the bovine cutaneous papilloma virus. Vet. Pathol. 6 (1969) 135–145

    Google Scholar 

  14. Brown, P., T. Tsai, D. C. Gajdusek: Sereoepidemiology of human papova viruses. Amer. J. Epidem. 102 (1975) 331–304

    Google Scholar 

  15. Carter, L. P., J. Beggs, J. D. Waggner: Ultrastructure of three choroid plexus papillomas. Cancer 30 (1972) 1130–1136

    Google Scholar 

  16. Castaigne, P., P. Rondot, R. Escourolle, J. L. Ribadeau-Dumas, F. Cathala, J. H. Hauw: Leucoencéphalopathie multifocale progressive et ‘gliomes’ multiples. Rev. neurol. 130 (1974) 379–39

    Google Scholar 

  17. Catalano, L. W., D. H. Harter, K. C. Hsu: Common antigen in meningioma-derived cell cultures. Science 175 (1972) 180–182

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chaudry, A. P., J. G. Haar, A. Koul, P. A. Nickerson: Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma). Cancer 44 (1979) 564–579

    Google Scholar 

  19. Choi, N. W., L. M. Schuman, W. H. Gullen: Epidemiology of primary central nervous system neoplasmas in Minnesota. Amer. J. Epidem. 91 (1970) 238–259

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chou, S. M., R. Roos, R. Burrell, J. B. Gutmann, J. Harley: Subacute focal adenovirus encephalitis. J. Neuropathol. exp. Neurol. 32 (1973) 34–50

    Google Scholar 

  21. Cikes, M., E. Beth, G. Giraldo, N. Acheson, B. Hirt: A search for an association between simian virus 40 and human meningiomas. In: Hiatt, H. H., J. D. Watson, J. A. Winsten: Origins of human cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1977, 1009–1011

    Google Scholar 

  22. Coakham, H. B., M. S. Lakshmi: Tumour-associated antigen(s) in human astrocytomas. Oncology 31 (1975) 133–243

    Google Scholar 

  23. Coleman, D. V., M. R. Wolfendale, R. A. Daniel, N. K. Dhanjal, S. D. Gardner, P. E. Gibson, A. M. Field: A prospective study of human polyomavirus infection in pregnancy. J. infect. Dis. 142 (1980) 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cooper, J. R.: The growth of tumour tissue of the central nervous system in tissue culture. J. Kans. med. soc. 68 (1967) 340–343

    Google Scholar 

  25. Corallini, A., G. Barbanti-Brodano, M. Portolani, P. G. Balboni, M. P. Grossi, L. Possati, C. Honrati, M. La Placa, A. Mazzoni, A. Caputo, U. Veronesi, S. Brefice, G. Cardinali: Antibodies to BK virus structural and tumour antigens in human sera from normal persons and from patients with various diseases, including neoplasia. Infect. Immun. 13 (1976) 1684–1691

    Google Scholar 

  26. Corallini, A., G. Barbanti-Brodano, W. Bortoloni: High incidence of ependymomas induced by BK virus, a human papova virus. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 559 (1977) 1561–1564

    Google Scholar 

  27. Corallini A., G. Altavilla, M. G. Cecchetti, G. Fabris, M. P. Grossi, P. G. Balboni, G. Lanza, G. Barbanti-Brodano: Ependymomas, malignant tumours of pancreatic islets, and osteosarcomas induced in hamsters by BK virus, a human papova virus. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 61 (1978) 875–883

    Google Scholar 

  28. Costa, J., C. Yee, T. S. Tralka, A. S. Rabson: Hamster ependymomas produced by intracerebral inoculation of a human papova virus (MMV). J. nat. Cancer Inst. 56 (1976) 863–864

    Google Scholar 

  29. Costa, J., C. Yee, A. S. Rabson: Absence of papova virus T-antibodies in patients with malignancies. Lancet 2 (1977) 709

    Google Scholar 

  30. Cuatico, W., J. R. Cho: Tumour-specific DNA sequences in human gliomas. Cancer 44 (1979) 1309–1314

    Google Scholar 

  31. Cunningham, M. E., P. R. Kishore, S. S. Rengachary, S. Preskorn: Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy presenting as focal mass lesion in the brain. Surg. Neurol. 8 (1977) 448–450

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dausset, J., J. Hors: Some contributions of the HLA complex to the genetics of human diseases. Transplant. Rev. 22 (1975) 44–74

    Google Scholar 

  33. deThé, G.: Viruses as causes of some human tumours? Results and prospectives of the epidemiologic approach. In: Hiatt, H. H., J. D. Watson, J. A. Winsten: Origins of Human Cancer. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1977, 1113–1131

    Google Scholar 

  34. Doerfler, W.: The fate of the DNA of adenovirus type 12 in baby hamster kidney cells. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 60 (1968) 636–643

    Google Scholar 

  35. Doerfler, W., S. Stabel, H. Ibelgaufts, D. Sutter, R. Neumann, J. Groneberg, K. H. Scheidtmann, R. Deuring, U. Winterhoff: Selectivity in integration sites of adenoviral DNA. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 44 (1980) 551–564

    Google Scholar 

  36. Dörries, K., R. T. Johnson, V. terMeulen: Detection of polyoma virus DNA in PML-brain tissue by (in situ) hybridization. J. gen. Virol. 42 (1979) 49–57

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dougherty, R. M.: Induction of tumours in hamsters with a human renal papova virus, RF strain. J. nat. Cancer. Inst. 57 (1976) 395–399

    Google Scholar 

  38. Duffell, D., R. Hinz, E. Nelson: Neoplasms in hamsters induced by Simian virus 40. Amer. J. Pathol. 45 (1964) 59–73

    Google Scholar 

  39. Eick, D., S. Stabel, W. Doerfler: Revertants of adenovirus type 12-transformed hamster cell line T637 as tools in the analysis of integration patterns. J. Virol. 36 (1980) 41–49

    Google Scholar 

  40. Fareed, G. C., K. K. Takemoto, M. A. Gimbrone: Interaction of simian virus 40 and human papova virus BK and JC, with human vascular endothelial cells. In: Schlesinger, D.: Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington 1978, 427–431

    Google Scholar 

  41. Farwell, J. R., G. C. Dohrmann, L. D. Marrett, J. W. Meigs: Effect of SV40 virus-contaminated poliovaccine on the incidence and type of CNS neoplasms in children: a population-based study. Ann. Neurol. 6 (1979) 166–177

    Google Scholar 

  42. Faulkner, R., C. E. van Rooyen: Adenoviruses types 3 and 5 isolated from the cerebrospinal fluids of children. Canad. med. Ass. J. 87 (1962) 1123–1125

    Google Scholar 

  43. Feiring, E. H., W. H. Foer: Meningioma following radiation therapy. J. Neurosurg. 29 (1968) 192–194

    Google Scholar 

  44. Fiers, W., R. Contreras, G. Haegeman, R. Rogiers, A. Van de Voorde, H. Van Heuverswyn, J. Van Herreweghe, G. Volckaert, M. Ysebaert: Complete nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA. Nature 273 (1978) 113–120

    Google Scholar 

  45. Fiori, M., G. diMayorca: Occurence of BK virus DNA in DNA obtained from certain human tumours. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 73 (1976) 4662–4666

    Google Scholar 

  46. Foy, H. M., J. T. Grayston: Adenoviruses. In: Evans, A. S.: Viral Infections of Humans. Epidemiology and Control. Wiley & Sons, London 1975, 53–69

    Google Scholar 

  47. Friedemann, U.: Permeability of blood-brain barrier to neurotropic viruses. Arch. Pathol. 35 (1943) 912–931

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fujita, S.: Medullo-epithelioma: its place in the histogenetic classification of neuro-ectodermal tumours. Acta pathol. jap. 8 (Suppl.) (1958) 789–794

    Google Scholar 

  49. Geissler, E., S. Scherneck, H. Waehlte, W. Zimmermann, L. Luebbe, H. Krause, M. Theile, H.-J. Herold, M. Rudolph, F. Weickmann, G. Nisch: Further studies on the relationship of SV40-like viruses to human tumouts. In: Essex, M., G. Todaro, H. zur Hausen: 7th Cold Spring Harbor Conference on Cell Proliferation. Viruses in naturally occurring tumours. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1980, 343–356

    Google Scholar 

  50. Gilden, R. V., J. Kern, Y. K. Lee, F. Rapp, J. L. Melnick, J. L. Riggs, E. H. Lennette, B. Zbar, H. J. Rapp, H. C. Turner, R. J. Huebner: Serologic surveys of human cancer patients for antibody to adenovirus T-antigen. Amer. J. Epidem. 91 (1970) 500–509

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gold, E., L. Gordis, J. Tonascia, M. Szklo: Risk factors for brain tumours in children. Amer. J. Epidem. 109 (1979) 309–319

    Google Scholar 

  52. Grace, J. T., E. A. Mirand: Human susceptibility to a simian tumour virus. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 108 (1963) 1123–1128

    Google Scholar 

  53. Graham, F. L., A. J. VanderEb, H. L. Heijneker: Size and location of the transforming region in human adenovirus type 5 DNA. Nature 251 (1974) 687–691

    Google Scholar 

  54. Graham, F. L., P. S. Abrahams, C. Mulder, H. L. Heijnecker, S. O. Warnaar, F. A. deVries, W. Fiers, A. J. VanderEb: Studies on the in vitro transformation by DNA and DNA fragments of human adenoviruses and simian virus 40. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 39 (1974) 637–650

    Google Scholar 

  55. Green, M., W. S. M. Wold, J. K. Mackey, P. Rigden: Analysis of human tonsil and cancer DNAs and RNAs for DNA sequences of group C (serotypes 1,2,5,6) human adenoviruses. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 76 (1979) 6606–6610

    Google Scholar 

  56. Green, M., W. S. M. Wold, K. H. Brackmann, M. A. Cartas, P. R. Sanders, K. Olson, T. K. Lee, L. Young, T. Matsuo, Q. Kapoor: Human adenovirus transforming genes: Group relationships, integration, expression in transformed cells, and analyses of human cancers and tonsils. In: Essex, M., G. Todaro, H. zur Hausen: 7th Cold Spring Harbor Conference on Cell Proliferation: Viruses in Naturally Occurring Tumours. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 1980, 373–397

    Google Scholar 

  57. Greenlee, J. E., L. E. Becker, O. Narayan, R. T. Johnson: Failure to demonstr. papova virus tumour antigen in hum. cerebral neoplasms. Ann. Neurol. 3 (1978) 479–481

    Google Scholar 

  58. Groneberg, J., D. Sutter, H. Soboll, W. Doerfler: Morphological revertants of adenovirus type 12-transformed hamster cells. J. gen. Virol. 40 (1978) 635–645

    Google Scholar 

  59. Grundy, G. W., E. T. Creagan, J. F. Fraumeni: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood: epidemiological features. J. nat. Cancer. Inst. 51 (1973) 767–776

    Google Scholar 

  60. Hart, M. N., K. M. Earle: Primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the brain in children. Cancer 32 (1973) 890–897

    Google Scholar 

  61. Hartley, J. W., R. J. Huebner, W. P. Rowe: Serial propagation of adenoviruses (APC) in monkey kidney tissue cultures. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med (N. Y.) 92 (1956) 667

    Google Scholar 

  62. Heinonen, O. P., S. Shapiro, R. R. Monson, S. C. Mautz, L. Rosenberg, D. Slone: Immunization during pregnancy against poliomyelitis and influenza in relation to childhood malignancy. Int. J. Epidem. 2 (1973) 229–235

    Google Scholar 

  63. Herbermann, R. B.: Cell mediated immunity to tumour cells. Advanc. Cancer Res. 19 (1974) 207–263

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ho, K., J. C. Garancis, R. D. Paegle, M. A. Gerber, W. J. Borkowsky: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignant lymphoma of the brain in a patient with immunosuppressive therapy. Acta neuropathol. (Berl.) 52 (1980) 81–83

    Google Scholar 

  65. Hogan, T. F., E. C. Borden, J. A. McBain, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker: Human polyomavirus infections with JC virus and BK virus in renal transplant patients. Ann. intern. Med. 92 (1980) 373–378

    Google Scholar 

  66. Hoover, R.: Effects of drugs-immunosuppression. In: Hiatt, H. H., J. D. Watson, J. A. Winsten: Origins of human cancer. Incidence of Cancer in humans. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1977, 369–379

    Google Scholar 

  67. Huang, A. S., D. Baltimore: Defective Interfering Animal viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat, H., R. R. Wagner: Comprehensive Virology 10. Plenum Press, New York 1977, 73–116

    Google Scholar 

  68. Huebner, R. J., W. P. Rowe, W. T. Lane: Oncogenic effects in hamsters of human adenovirus types 12 and 18. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 48 (1962) 2051–2058

    Google Scholar 

  69. Hurst, E. W.: The newer knowledge of virus diseases of the nervous system: a review and an interpretation. Brain 59 (1936) 1–34

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ibelgaufts, H., W. Doerfler, K. H. Scheidtmann, W. Wechsler: Adenovirus type 12-induced rat tumour cells of neuroepithelial origin: persistence and expression of the viral genome. J. Virol. 33 (1980) 423–437

    Google Scholar 

  71. Ibelgaufts, H., K. W. Jones, N. Maitland, J. F. Shaw: Adenovirus-related nucleic acid sequences in human neurogenictumours. Acta neuropath. (Berl.) 56 (1982) 113–117

    Google Scholar 

  72. Ibelgaufts, H., K. W. Jones: Papovavirus-related RNA sequences in human neurogenic tumours. Acta neuropath. (Berl.) 56 (1982) 118–122

    Google Scholar 

  73. Innis, M. D.: Oncogenesis and poliomyelitis vaccine. Nature 219 (1968) 972–973

    Google Scholar 

  74. Israel, M. A., M. A. Martin, K. K. Takemoto, P. M. Howley, S. A. Aaronson, D. Solomon, G. Khoury: Evaluation of normal and neoplastic human tissue for BK. Virology 90 (1978) 187–196

    Google Scholar 

  75. Ivankovic, S.: Entstehung von subcutanen Sarkomen bei Nachkommen von syrischen Goldhamstern nach Behandlung mit Adeno 12 Virus während der Schwangerschaft. Z. Krebsforschung 88 (1977) 323–325

    Google Scholar 

  76. Jellinger, K.: Cerebral medulloepithelioma. Acta neuropathol. (Berl.) 22 (1972) 95–101

    Google Scholar 

  77. Jen, K. F., Y. Tai, Y. C. Lin, H. Y. Wang: The role of adenovirus in the etiology of infantile pneumonia and pneumonia complicating measles. China. med. J. 81 (1962) 141–147

    Google Scholar 

  78. Jensen, F., H. Koprowski, J. S. Pagano, J. Pontén, R. G. Ravdin: Autologous and homologous implantation of human cells transformed in vitro by SV40. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 32 (1964) 917–937

    Google Scholar 

  79. Johnson, R. T.: Teratogenic effects of viruses. In: Vinken, P. J., G. W. Bruyn: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 34. North Holland Publ. Comp., Amsterdam 1978, 369–389

    Google Scholar 

  80. Johnson, R. T., C. J. Gibbs: Koch's postulates and slow infections of the nervous system. Arch. Neurol. 30 (1974) 36–38

    Google Scholar 

  81. Johnson, R. T., D. E. Griffin: Pathogenesis of viral infections. In: Vinken, P. J., G. W. Bruyn: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 34, North Holland Publ. Comp. Amsterdam 1978, 15–37

    Google Scholar 

  82. Kersey, J. H., B. D. Spector, R. A. Good: Cancer in children with primary immunodeficiency diseases. J. Pediatr. 84 (1974) 263–264

    Google Scholar 

  83. Karch, S. A., H. Urich: Medulloepithelioma: Definition of an entity. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 31 (1972) 27–53

    Google Scholar 

  84. Kirschstein, R. L., P. Gerber: Ependymomas produced after intracerebral inoculation of SV40 into newborn hamsters. Nature 195 (1962) 299–300

    Google Scholar 

  85. Koprowski, H.: Rabies and parainfluenza viruses. In: Robinson, W. S., C. F. Fox: Mechanisms of Virus Disease. W. A. Benjamim, Menlo Park, Calif. 1974, 169–186

    Google Scholar 

  86. Kosaka, H., Y. Sano, Y. Matsukado, T. Sairenji, Y. Hinuma: Failure to detect papova virus-associated T-antigens in human brain tumour cells by anticomplement immunofluorescence. J. Neurosurg. 52 (1980) 367–370

    Google Scholar 

  87. Krieg, P., E. Amtmann, D. Jonas, H. Fischer, H. Zang G. Sauer: Episomal simian virus 40 genomes in human brain tumours. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 78 (1981) 6446–6450

    Google Scholar 

  88. Laerum, O. D., D. D. Bigner, M. F. Rajewski: Biology of brain tumours. International Union Against Cancer, Technical Report Series Vol. 30, Geneva 1978

  89. Larson, V. M., P. A. Gosnell, M. R. Hilleman: Complement-fixation Reaction of human neoplastic tissue with sera from hamsters bearing virus-induced tumours. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. J.) 125 (1967) 525–534

    Google Scholar 

  90. Larson, V. M., W. R. Clark, M. R. Hilleman: Comparative studies of SV40 and adenovirus oncogenesis in random bred and inbred hamsters. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. Y.) 137 (1971) 607–613

    Google Scholar 

  91. Lecatsas: Papova viruses in human lymphocyte cultures. Lancet 2 (1976) 907–908

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lelong, M., P. Lépine, F. Alison, Le Tan Vinh, P. Satgé, C. Chany: La pneumonie à virus du groupe A. P. C. chez le nourrisson. Isolement du virus. Les lésions anatomo-histologiques. Arch. franç. Pédiat. 13 (1956) 1092–1096

    Google Scholar 

  93. Lewis, A. M.: Experience with SV40 and adenovirus-SV40 hybrids. In: Hellman, A., M. N. Oxman, R. Pollack: Biohazards in biological research. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York (1973) 96–113

    Google Scholar 

  94. Lewis, A. M., W. H. Weise, W. P. Rowe: The presence of antibodies in human serum to early T adenovirus antigens. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 57 (1967) 622–629

    Google Scholar 

  95. Lewis, A. M., A. S. Rabson, A. S. Levine: Studies on nondefective adenovirus 2-simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. X. Transformation of hamster kidney cells by adenovirus 2 and the nondefective hybrid viruses. J. Virol. 14 (1974) 1290–1301

    Google Scholar 

  96. London, W. T., S. A. Houff, D. L. Madden, D. A. Fuccillo, M. Gravel, W. C. Wallen, A. E. Palmer, J. L. Sever, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker, G. M. ZuRhein, T. Ohashi: Brain tumours in owl monkeys inoculated with a human polyomavirus (JC Virus). Science 201 (1978) 1246–1249

    Google Scholar 

  97. Lord, M. A., R. F. Itzhaki, R. N. P. Sutton: Detection of virus genome in human tissues. Lancet 2 (1980) 92

    Google Scholar 

  98. Mackey, J. K., P. M. Rigden, M. Green: Do highly oncogenic group A human adenoviruses cause human cancer? Analysis of human tumours for adenovirus 12 transforming DNA sequences. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 73 (1976) 4657–4661

    Google Scholar 

  99. Mackey, J. K., M. Green, W. S. M. Wold, P. Rigden: Analysis of human cancer DNA for DNA sequences of human adenovirus type 4. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 62 (1979) 23–26

    Google Scholar 

  100. MacMahon, B., G. B. Hutchison: Prenatal x-ray and childhood cancer: a review. Acta Un. int. Cancr. 20 (1964) 1172–1174

    Google Scholar 

  101. Magrath, D. I., K. Russell, J. D. Tobin: Vacuolating agent. Brit. med. J. 2 (1961) 287–288

    Google Scholar 

  102. Mak, I., H. Ezoe, S. Mak: Structure and function of adenovirus type 12 defective virions. J. Virol. 32 (1979) 240–250

    Google Scholar 

  103. Malmgren, R. A., A. S. Rabson, P. G. Carney: Survey of human cancer patient sera for adenovirus T antibody by immunofluorescence. Int. J. Cancer 3 (1968) 30–34

    Google Scholar 

  104. Manaker, R. A., J. London: cited as personal communication in reference 113

  105. Mancini, L. O., V. J. Yates, V. Jasty, J. Anderson: Ependymomas induced in hamsters inoculated with an avian adenovirus (CELO). Nature 222 (1969) 190–191

    Google Scholar 

  106. Mark, J.: Chromosomal characteristics of neurogenic tumours in adults. Hereditas (Lund) 68 (1971) 61–100

    Google Scholar 

  107. Markesbery, W. R., V. R. Challa: Electron microscopic findings in primitive neuroectodermal tumours of the cerebrum. Cancer 44 (1979) 141–147

    Google Scholar 

  108. Mason, D. H., K. K. Takemoto: unpublished results, cited in: Takemoto, K. K.: Human Papovaviruses. Int. Rev. exp. Path. 18 (1978) 281–301

    Google Scholar 

  109. Matjasic, M., B. Snoj: Vloga adenovirusov pri infekcijah centralnega zivcnega sistema. Zdrav. Vestn. 43 (1974) 409–411

    Google Scholar 

  110. May, G., H. Fischer, K. D. Zang: SV40-related T-antigen expression in human meningiomas with normal and G-22-monosomic karyotype. J. gen. Virol. 43 (1979) 697–700

    Google Scholar 

  111. McAlack, R. F.: Normal HLA penotypes and neo-HLA-like antigens on cultured human neuroblastoma. Transplant. Proc. 12 (1980) 107–113

    Google Scholar 

  112. McAllister, R. M., M. O. Nicolson, A. M. Lewis, I. Macpherson, R. J. Huebner: Transformation of rat embryo cells by adenovirus type 1. J. gen. Virol. 4 (1969) 29–36

    Google Scholar 

  113. McAllister, R. M., B. H. Landing, C. R. Goodheart: Isolation of adenoviruses from neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues of children. Lab. invest. 13 (1964) 894–901.

    Google Scholar 

  114. McAllister, R. M., R. V. Gilden, M. Green: Adenoviruses in human cancer. Lancet 1 (1972) 831–833

    Google Scholar 

  115. McCance, D. J., C. A. Mims: Transplacental transmission of polyoma virus in mice. Infect. Immun. 18 (1977) 196–202

    Google Scholar 

  116. McCormick, K. J., G. L. van Hoosier, J. J. Trentin: Attempts to find human adenovirus type 12 tumour antigens in human tumours. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 40 (1968) 255–261

    Google Scholar 

  117. Meinke, W., D. A. Goldstein, R. A. Smith: Simian virus 40-related DNA sequences in a human brain tumour. Neurology (Minneap.) 29 (1979) 1590–1594

    Google Scholar 

  118. Merletti, L., G. Panichi, A. Dall'Anese, E. Ramundo: Absence of SV40-like T-antigens in human meningiomas. Bull. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 7 (1976), 755–757

    Google Scholar 

  119. Mims, C. A.: Pathogenesis of viral infections of the fetus. Progr. med. Virol. 10 (1968) 194–237

    Google Scholar 

  120. Misugi, K., N. Misugi, W. A. Newton: Fine structural study of neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and pheochromocytoma. Arch. Pathol. 86 (1968) 160–170

    Google Scholar 

  121. Morris, J. A., K. M. Johnson, C. G. Alulisio: Clinical and serological responses in volunteers given vacuolating virus (SV40) by respiratory route. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. Y.) 108 (1961) 56–59

    Google Scholar 

  122. Mukai, N.: Human adenovirus-induced embryonic neuronal tumour phenotype in rodents. In: H. Zimmermann: Progress in Neuropathology, Vol. III. Grune and Stratton, New York 1976, 89–128

    Google Scholar 

  123. Mukai, N., S. S. Kalter, L. B. Cummins, V. A. Matthews, T. Nishida, T. Nakajima: Retinal tumours induced in the baboon by human adenovirus 12. Science 210 (1980) 1023–1025

    Google Scholar 

  124. Mulcahy, G. M., W. L. Harlan: Occurrence of central nervous system tumour, with special reference to relative genetic factors. In: H. T. Lynch: Cancer Genetics. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield 1976

    Google Scholar 

  125. Munk, J., E. Peyser, J. Gruskiewicz: Radiation inducedintracranial meningiomas. Clin. Radiol. 20 (1969) 90–94

    Google Scholar 

  126. Nishida, T., T. Nakajima, N. Mukai: The cholinesterase activity of subcutaneously grown neuroblastomatous neoplasms induced by human adenovirus type 12. Cited as unpublished data in: Nakajima, T., N. Mukai: Acta neuropath. (Berl.) 45 (1979) 187–194

    Google Scholar 

  127. Nishimura, H., T. Tanimura: Clinical aspects of the teratogenicity of drugs. Excerpta medica, Amsterdam 1976

    Google Scholar 

  128. Ohashi, T., G. M. ZuRhein, J. N. Varakis, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker: Experimental (JC-virus-induced) intraocular and extraocular orbital tumours in the Syrian hamster. J. Neuropathol exp. Neurol. 37 (1978) 667–674

    Google Scholar 

  129. O'Neill, F. J., D. Carroll: Appearance of defective simian virus 40 following infection of cultured human glioblastoma cells. Virology 87 (1978) 109–119

    Google Scholar 

  130. Padgett, B. L., D. L. Walker: New human papova viruses. Progr, med. Virol. 22 (1976) 1–35

    Google Scholar 

  131. Padgett, B. L., D. L. Walker, G. M. ZuRhein, J. N. Varakis: Differential neuro-oncogenicity of strains of JC virus, a human polyoma virus, in newborn Syrian hamsters. Cancer Res. 37 (1977) 718–720

    Google Scholar 

  132. Padgett, B. L., M. C. M. Rogers, D. L. Walker: JC virus, a human polyomavirus associated with PML: additional biologic characteristics and antigenic relationships. Infect. Immun. 15 (1977) 656–663

    Google Scholar 

  133. Pater, M. M., A. Pater, M. Fiori, J. Slota, G. diMayorca: Bk virus DNA sequences in human tumours and normal tissues and cell lines. In: Essex, M., G. Todaro, H. zurHausen: 7th Cold Spring Harbor Conference on Cell Proliferation: Viruses in Naturally Occurring tumours. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1980, 329–341

    Google Scholar 

  134. Penn, I., T. Starzl: Malignant tumours arising de novo in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 14 (1972) 407–417

    Google Scholar 

  135. Pochedly, C.: Neuroblastoma. Publishing Sciences Group Inc., Acton, Mass. 1976

    Google Scholar 

  136. Postlethwaite, R., P. V. Best, P. V. Porteons, D. W. Blair: Growth and regression of rabbit tumours induced by polyoma virus. Brit. J. Cancer 23 (1969) 116–124

    Google Scholar 

  137. Rabson, A. S., R. L. Kirschstein: Intracranial sarcomas produced by polyoma virus in Syrian hamsters. Arch. Pathol. 69 (1960) 663–671

    Google Scholar 

  138. Rabson, A. S., G. T. O'Conor, R. L. Kirschstein, W. J. Branigan: Papillary ependymomas produced in Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis inoculated with vacuolating virus (SV40). J. nat. Cancer Inst. 29 (1962) 765–787

    Google Scholar 

  139. Rapp, F., J. L. Melnick, T. Kitahara, R. Sheppard: Search for virus-induced antigens in human tumours using the SV40 hamster system as a model. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. Y.) 118 (1965) 573–576

    Google Scholar 

  140. Reese, J. M., M. Reissig, R. W. Daniel, K. V. Shah: Occurrence of BK virus and BK virus-specific antibodies in the urine of patients receiving chemotherapy for malignancy. Infect. Immun. 11 (1975) 1375–1381

    Google Scholar 

  141. Richardson, E. P.: Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. New Engl. J. Med. 265 (1961) 815–823

    Google Scholar 

  142. Rieth, K. G., G. DiChiro, W. T. London, S. A. Houff, P. L. Kornblith, P. E. McKeever, C. Buonomo, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker: Experimental glioma in primates: A computed tomography model. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 4 (1980) 285–290

    Google Scholar 

  143. Risser, R., D. Rifkin, R. Pollack: The stable classes of transformed cells induced by SV40 infection of established 3T3 cells and primary rat embryonic cells. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 39 (1974) 317–324

    Google Scholar 

  144. Robb, J. A.: Variation in the appearance of SV40 tumour antigen in transformed cells. Exp. Cell Res. 106 (1977) 441–445

    Google Scholar 

  145. Robl, M. G., D. E. Gordon, K. P. Lee, C. Olson: Intracranial fibroblastic neoplasms in the hamster from bovine papilloma virus. Cancer Res. 32 (1972) 2221–2225

    Google Scholar 

  146. Roos, R., S. M. Chou, N. G. Rogers, M. Basnight, D. C. Gajdusek: Isolation of an adenovirus 32 strain from human brain in a case of subacute encephalitis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. Y.) 139 (1972) 636–640

    Google Scholar 

  147. Rowe, W. P., A. M. Lewis: Serological surveys for viral antibodies in Cancer patients. Cancer Res. 28 (1968) 1319–1320

    Google Scholar 

  148. Rubinstein, L. J.: Cytogenesis and differentiation of primitve central neuroepithelial tumours. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol. 31 (1972) 7–26

    Google Scholar 

  149. Ruschi, A., G. Spaziante: Ricerche sulla presenza e sul significate di adenovirus in materiali vari. Boll. Ist. sieroter. milan. 51 (1972) 249–256

    Google Scholar 

  150. Sabin, A. B.: Manifestations of latent viral genetic material in experimentally produced cancers and search for such manifestations in human cancers. Israel J. med. Sci. 1 (1965) 93–103

    Google Scholar 

  151. Schachner, M., J. Chaffee, S. Kobayashi, N. Mukai: A quantitative assessment of cholinesterase activity in the tissue culture explant from adenovirus typical neoplasms, cited in: Mukai, N., S. Kobayashi: J. Neuropathol. exp. Neurol. 32 (1973) 523–541

    Google Scholar 

  152. Scherneck, S., L. Lübbe, E. Geissler, G. Nisch, M. Rudolph, H. Wählte, F. Weickmann, W. Zimmermann: Detection of simian virus 40 related T-antigen in human meningiomas. Zbl. Neurochir. 40 (1979) 121–130

    Google Scholar 

  153. Scherneck, S., M. Rudolph, E. Geissler, F. Vogel, L. Lübbe, H. Wählte, G. Nisch, F. Weickmann, W. Zimmermann: Isolation of a SV40-like papova virus from a human glioblastoma. Int. J. Cancer 24 (1979) 523–531

    Google Scholar 

  154. Schnegg, J. F., A. C. Diserens, S. Carrel, R. S. Accolla, N. de Tribolet: Human glioma-associated antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res. 41 (1981) 1209–1214

    Google Scholar 

  155. Schrantz, J. L., C. A. Araoz: Radiation induced meningeal fibrosarcoma. Arch. Pathol. 93 (1972) 26–31

    Google Scholar 

  156. Sever, J. L.: Viral infections in pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynec. 21 (1978) 477–487

    Google Scholar 

  157. Shah, K. V.: Evidence for an SV40-related papova virus infection of man. Amer. J. Epidem. 95 (1972) 199–206

    Google Scholar 

  158. Shah, D. V., F. R. McCrumb, R. W. Daniel, H. L. Ozer: Serologic evidence for a simian virus 40-like infection of man. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 48 (1972) 557–561

    Google Scholar 

  159. Shah, K. V., S. R. S. Rangan, M. Reissig, R. W. Daniel, F. Z. Beluhan: Congenital transmission of a papova virus of the stump-tail macaque. Science 195 (1977) 404–406

    Google Scholar 

  160. Similä, S., R. Jouppila, A. Salmi, R. Pohjonen: Encephalomeningitis in children associated with an adenovirus type 7 epidemic. Acta Paediat. Scand. 59 (1970) 310–316

    Google Scholar 

  161. Smith, R. A., D. A. Goldstein, W. J. Meinke: Simian virus 40-related DNA sequences in a human brain tumour. Neurology (Minneap.) 27 (1977) 343–344

    Google Scholar 

  162. Smith, K. O., J. T. Newman, J. L. Story, J. P. Wissinger: Viruses and brain tumours. In: Clinical Neurosurgery, Proc. of the congress of neurological surgeons, Honolulu, Hawaii 1973. Williams & Wilkinson, Baltimore 1974, 362–382

    Google Scholar 

  163. Snejdarová, V., V. Vonka, L. Kutinová, D. Rezacova, V. Chladek: The nature of adenovirus persistence in human adenoid vegetations. Arch. Virol. 48 (1975) 347–357

    Google Scholar 

  164. Sohier, R., Y. Chardonnet, M. Prunieras: Adenoviruses, status of current knowledge. Progr. med. Virol. 7 (1965) 253–325

    Google Scholar 

  165. Soriano, F., C. E. Shelburne, M. Gökcen: Simian virus 40 in a human cancer. Nature (Lond.) 249 (1974) 421–424

    Google Scholar 

  166. Spandidos, D. A., A. F. Graham: Generation of defective virus after infection of newborn rats with reovirus. J. Virol. 20 (1976) 234–247

    Google Scholar 

  167. Stefanko, S. Z., W. A. Manschot: Pinealoblastoma with retinoblastomatous differentiation. Brain 102 (1979) 321–332

    Google Scholar 

  168. Strong, L. C.: Primary tumours of the brain, genetics and epidemiology. In: Laerum, O. D., D. D. Bigner, M. F. Rajewsky: Biology of Brain Tumours. UICC Technical Report Series, Vol. 30. International Union Against Cancer, Geneva 1978

    Google Scholar 

  169. Sweet, B. H., M. R. Hilleman: The vacuolating virus, SV40. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. Y.) 105 (1960) 420–427

    Google Scholar 

  170. Tabuchi, K., W. M. Kirsch, M. Low, D. Gaskin, J. VanBuskirk, S. Maa: Screening of human brain tumours for SV40-related T-antigen. Int. J. Cancer 21 (1978) 12–17

    Google Scholar 

  171. Taguchi, F., D. Nagaki, M. Saito, C. Harayama, K. Iwasaki, T. Suzuki: Transplacental transmission of BK Virus in human. Jap. J. Microbiol. 19 (1975) 395–398

    Google Scholar 

  172. Takemoto, K. K., M. F. Mullarkey: Human papovavirus, BK strain: Biological studies including antigenic relationship to simian virus 40. J. Virol. 12 (1973) 625–631

    Google Scholar 

  173. Takemoto, K. K., A. S. Rabson, M. F. Mullarkey, R. M. Blaese, C. F. Garon, D. Nelson: Isolation of papova virus from brain tumour and urine of a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 53 (1974) 1205–1207

    Google Scholar 

  174. Takemoto, K. K., D. Solomon, M. Israel, P. M. Howley, G. Khoury, S. A. Aaronson, M. A. Martin: Search for evidence of papovavirus involvement in human cancer. In: Bentvelzen, P.: Advances in comparative leukemia research. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam 1977

    Google Scholar 

  175. Takemoto, K. K., H. Linke, T. Miyamura, G. C. Fareed: Persistent BK papovavirus infection of transformed human fetal brain cells. I. Episomal viral DNA in cloned lines deficient in T-antigen expression. J. Virol. 29 (1979) 117–1185

    Google Scholar 

  176. Tani, E., N. Higashi: Myelin figures associated with the cytoplasmic membranes in human medulloblastoma. Acta neuropathol. (Berl.) 21 (1972) 128–139

    Google Scholar 

  177. Tooze, J.: DNA tumour viruses. Molecular Biology of tumour viruses Part 2, 2nd edition. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1980

    Google Scholar 

  178. Uchida, S., S. Watanabe, T. Aizawa: Induction of paillary ependymomas and insulinomas in the Syrian golden hamster by BK virus, a human papova virus. Gann 67 (1967) 857–865

    Google Scholar 

  179. Uchida, S., S. Watanabe: Transformation of mouse 3T3 cells by antigen-forming defective virions (T particles). Virology 39 (1969) 721–728

    Google Scholar 

  180. Van derEb, A. J., C. Mulder, F. L. Graham, A. Houweling: Transformation with specific fragments of adenovirus DNA. I. Isolation of specific fragments with transforming activity of adenovirus 2 and 5 DNA. Gene 2 (1977) 115–132

    Google Scholar 

  181. Van der Veen, J., M. Lambrieux: Relationship of adenovirus to lymphocytes in naturally infected human tonsils and adenoids. Infect. Immun. 7 (1973) 604–609

    Google Scholar 

  182. Vandeputte, M., J. M. Brucher: Experimental meningeal sarcomatosis provoked in the small rat by ployoma virus. Acta neuropathol. (Berl.) 1 (1962) 397–405

    Google Scholar 

  183. Van Hossier, G. L., J. J. Trentin: Reactivity of human sera with adenovirus type 12 hamster tumour antigens in the complement fixation test. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 40 (1968) 249–253

    Google Scholar 

  184. Varakis, J., G. M. ZuRhein, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker: Induction of peripheral neuroblastomas in Syrian hamsters after infection as neonates with JC Virus, a human polyoma virus. Cancer Res. 38 (1978) 1718–1722

    Google Scholar 

  185. Vikhot, N. E., Ya. L. Povolotsky: Activation of latent adenovirus infection of human tonsils and adenoids by ultraviolet rays. Tsitol. Genet. 6 (1972) 24–28

    Google Scholar 

  186. Vogel, F.: Genetics of retinoblastoma. Hum. Genet. 52 (1979) 1–54

    Google Scholar 

  187. Waga, S., H. Handa: Radiation-induced meningioma: with review of the literature. Surg. Neurol. 5 (1976) 215–219

    Google Scholar 

  188. Walker, D. L., B. L. Padgett, G. M. ZuRhein, A. E. Albert, R. F. Marsh: Human papova virus (JC): Induction of brain tumours in hamster. Science 181 (1973) 674–676

    Google Scholar 

  189. Walker, D. L.: Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy: an opportunistic viral infection of the central nervous system. In: Vinken, P. J., G. W. Bruyn: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 34, North Holland Publ. Comp., Amsterdam 1978, 307–329

    Google Scholar 

  190. Watanabe, S., K. Yoshiike, A. Nozawa, Y. Yuasa, S. Uchida: Viable deletion mutant of human papova virus BK that induces insulinomas in hamster. J. Virol. 32 (1979) 934–942

    Google Scholar 

  191. Weiner, L. P., R. M. Herndon, O. Narayan: Virus related to SV40 in patients with PML. N. Engl. J. Med. 286 (1972) 385–390

    Google Scholar 

  192. Weiner, P. L., O. Narayan: Virologic studies of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Progr. med. Virol. 18 (1974) 229–240

    Google Scholar 

  193. Weiss, A. F., R. Portmann, H. Fischer, J. Simon, K. D. Zang: Simian Virus 40-related antigens in three human meningiomas with defined chromosome loss. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 72 (1975) 609–613

    Google Scholar 

  194. Weiss, A. F., K. D. Zang, G. D. Birkmayer, F. Miller: SV40-related papova viruses in human meningiomas. Acta neuropathol. (Berl.) 34 (1976) 171–175

    Google Scholar 

  195. Williams, J. F.: Oncogenic transformation of hamster embryo cells in vitro by adenovirus type 5. Nature (Lond.) 243 (1973) 162–163

    Google Scholar 

  196. Wold, W. S. M., J. K. Mackey, K. H. Brackmann, N. Takemori, P. Rigden, M. Green: Analysis of human tumours and human malignant cell lines for BK virusspecific DNA sequences. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci (Wash.) 75 (1978) 454–458

    Google Scholar 

  197. Wold, W. S. M., J. K. Mackey, P. Rigden, M. Green: Analysis of human cancer DNAs for DNA sequences of human adenovirus serotypes 3,7,11,14,16, and 21 in group B. Cancer Res. 39 (1979) 3479–3484

    Google Scholar 

  198. Wold, W. S., M. Green, J. K. Mackey, J. D. Martin, B. L. Padgett, D. L. Walker: Integration pattern of human JC virus sequences in two clones of a cell line established from a JC virus-induced hamster brain tumour. J. Virol. 33 (1980) 1225–1228

    Google Scholar 

  199. Wolinsky, J. S., R. T. Johnson: Role of viruses in chronic neurological diseases. In: Fraenkel-Conrat, H., R. R. Wagner: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 16. Plenum Press, New York 1980, 257–296

    Google Scholar 

  200. Yabe, Y.: Antibody to adenovirus type 12 among infants. Lancet 2 (1964) 1447–1448

    Google Scholar 

  201. Yabe, Y.: Attempts to isolate virus from human brain tumours. Acta med. Okayama 28 (1974) 247–252

    Google Scholar 

  202. Yabe, Y., L. Samper, G. Taylor, J. J. Trentin: Cancer induction in hamsters by human type 12 adenovirus. Effect of route of infection. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. (N. Y.) 113 (1963) 221–224

    Google Scholar 

  203. Yang, C. S., W. Y. Liu, Y. C. Lin, S. H. Shieh, Y. Y. Chang: Infection of newborn Taiwan monkeys (Macaca cyclopis) with human adenovirus type 12 and simian virus 40. Chin. J. Microbiol. 8 (1975) 262–273

    Google Scholar 

  204. Yang, R. C. A., R. Wu: BK virus DNA: complete sequence of a human tumour virus. Science 206 (1979) 456–462

    Google Scholar 

  205. Yohn, D. S.: Sex-related resistance in hamsters to adenovirus oncogenesis. Progr. exp. Tumor Res. 18 (1973) 138–165

    Google Scholar 

  206. Yohn, D. S., L. Weiss, M. E. Neiders: A comparison of the distribution of tumours produced by intravenous injection of type 12 adenovirus and adeno-12 tumour cells. Cancer Res. 28 (1968) 571–576

    Google Scholar 

  207. Zang, K. D., G. May: Expression of SV40 — related T-antigen in cell cultures of human meningiomas. Naturwissenschaften 66 (1979) 59

    Google Scholar 

  208. Zülch, K. J., H. D. Mennel: The biology of brain tumours. In: Vinken, P. J., G. W. Bruyn: Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol. 16. North Holland Publ. Comp., Amsterdam 1974, 1–55

    Google Scholar 

  209. Zülch, K. J., H. D. Mennel: Primary tumours of the brain. A history and problems of classification. In: Laerum, O. D., D. D. Bigner, M. F. Rajewsky: Biology of Brain Tumours UICC Technical Report Series, Vol. 30. International Union Against Cancer, Geneva 1978, 3–13

    Google Scholar 

  210. ZurHausen, H.: The role of viruses in human tumours Advanc. Cancer. Res. 33 (1980) 77–107

    Google Scholar 

  211. ZuRhein, G. M., J. Varakis: Morphology of brain tumours induced in Syrian hamsters after inoculation with JC virus, a new human papova virus. In: Környey, S., S. Tariska, G. Gosztonyi: VII Intern. Congr. Neuropathol. Budapest, Sept. 1974. Proc. Hungarian Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. I. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam 1974, 479–481

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biochemistry, University of Munich, Karlstr. 23, 8000, München 2, FRG

    Horst Ibelgaufts

Authors
  1. Horst Ibelgaufts
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ibelgaufts, H. Are human DNA tumour viruses involved in the pathogenesis of human neurogenic tumours?. Neurosurg. Rev. 5, 3–24 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01745222

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01745222

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation