Summary
The nodulation and growth of faba bean plants (Vicia faba cultivar ‘Giza 2’) at 2 months' age were studied in pot trials using an alluvial clay soil (pH 7.9). Chlorides, carbonates and sulphates of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were added at 20 mEq/100 g soil and the tolerance ofRhizobium leguminosarum (biovar.viceae, Strain F-15) grown on pure culture medium, salinized with the same salts, was then tested. Salts were generally inhibitory towards plant and bacterium. Number and characteristics of plant root-nodules, dry weight of plants (shoots and roots), N content in plants and the bacterial colony count decreased. Chlorides were the most inhibitory in soil and carbonates the most in culture medium, whilst sulphates were the least inhibitory in either case. Na+ gave maximum inhibition, whereas Mg2+ was the least detrimental. Formation of effective nodules on roots of the plants grown in the salinized soil was very poor, butR. leguminosarum showed possible tolerance when grown on salinized culture medium.
Résumé
La nodulation et la croissance des plants de fève faba (Vicia faba cultivar ‘Giza 2’) agés de 2 mois ont été étudiés dans des essais en pots en utilisant un sol argileux alluvial (pH 7.9). On a ajouté les chlorures, carbonates et sulfates de Na+, K+ et Mg2+ à la dose de 20 mEq par 100 g de sol. On a testé ensuite la tolérance deRhizobium leguminosarum (biovar.viceae, souche F-15), cultivé en milieu de culture pure, salinée avec les mêmes sels. Les sels sont d'une manière générale inhibiteurs vis à vis de la plante et de la bactérie. Le nombre et les caractéristiques des nodules radiculaires de la plante, le poids sec des plantes (pousses aériennes et racines), le contenu azoté dans les plantes et le nombre de colonies bactériennes décroissent. Les chlorures sont le plus inhibiteurs dans le sol et les carbonates le sont dans le milieu de culture tandis que les sulfates sont le moins inhibiteurs dans les deux cas. Na+ est le plus inhibiteur, tandis que Mg2+ est le moins nocif. La formation de nodules effectifs sur les racines de plants cultivés dans le sol saliné est très pauvre, maisR. leguminosarum démontre une tolérance possible lorsqu'il est précultivé dans un milieu de culture saliné.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Ghaffar, S. A. M. (1976) Some Factors Affecting Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation of Soybean (Glycine max). MSc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
Alexander, M. (1977)Introduction to Soil Microbiology, 2nd edn. New York, London, John Wiley.
Bernstein, L. &Hayward, H. Z. (1958) Physiology of salt tolerance.Annual Review of Plant Physiology 9, 25–46.
Bohn, H., McMeal, B. &O'Connor, G. (1979)Soil Chemistry. New York, John Wiley.
Broadbent, F. E. &Nakashima, T. (1971) Effect of added salts on nitrogen mineralization in three California soils.Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 35, 457–460.
Caesar, K. &Rusitka, G. (1982) Tolerance to salinity. InFaba Bean Improvement, pp. 185–189, eds. Hawtin, G. & Webb, C. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff.
Chapman, H. D. &Pratt, P. F. (1961)Methods of Analysis for Soils, Plants and Waters. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Riverside.
El-Karousi, M. O. H. (1979) Effects of soil salinity on broad bean (Vicia faba) in Sudan.Experimental Agriculture 19, 59–63.
El-Shinnawi, M. M. (1975) Salts affecting microorganisms of certain soils.Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten and Hygiene 130, 387–394.
Hamdi, Y. A. (1982) Application of nitrogen-fixing systems in soil management.Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Bulletin No. 49, Rome.
Hamdi, Y. A. &Al-Tai, A. M. (1976) Salt tolerance of strains ofRhizobium meliloti andRhizobium trifolii to the chlorides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium.SOSLR Technical Bulletin No. 9, 19–23.
Ibrahim, A. N., Kamel, M. &Khadr, M. S. (1970) Nodule formation and growth of legumes as influenced by certain sodium salts.Agrokemia es Talajtan 19, 164–172.
Keck, T., Wabenet, R. J., Campbell, W. F. &Knighton, R. E. (1984) Effects of water and salt stress on growth and acetylene reduction in alfalfa (Medicago sativa cultivar ‘Rebistadov’).Soil Science Society of America Journal 48 (6), 1310–1316.
Kumar, B. &Grab, O. P. (1981) Effect of a shift to saline alkaline conditions on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and growth in pea (Pisum sativum cultivar ‘Bonneville’).Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 24 (3), 212–217.
Lockerman, R. H., Kisha, T. J., Sims, J. R. &Abdel-Ghaffar, A. S. (1983) The effect of soil salinity on dinitrogen fixation and yield of faba beanVicia faba L.Fabis 7, 24–25.
McClung, G. &Frankenberger, W. T. (1985) Soil nitrogen transformations as affected by salinity.Soil Science 139 (5), 405–411.
Mozafar, A. &Goodin, J. R. (1986) Salt tolerance of two differently drought-tolerant wheat genotype during germination and early seedling growth.Plant and Soil 96, 303–316.
Muller, W. H. (1979)Botany: A Functional Approach. London, New York, Collier Macmillan.
Pilai, R. N. &Sen, A. (1966) Salt tolerance ofRhizobium trifolii.Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36, 74–81.
Piper, C. S. (1955) Soil and Plant Analysis. University of Adelaide, Australia.
Puntamkar, S. S., Sharma, D. C., Sharma, O. P. &Seth, S. P. (1970) Effect of common salts of sodium and calcium on the germination of different wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L).Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 13, 233–239.
Subba Rao, N. S. (1977)Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth. New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing.
Wilson, G. (1983) Bacterial resistance, disinfection, and sterilization. InTopley and Wilson's Principles of Bacteriology, Virology, and Immunity, 7th edn, Vol. 1, eds Wilson, G. & Dick, H. M., Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
El-Shinnawi, M.M., El-Saify, N.A. & Waly, T.M. Influence of the ionic form of mineral salts on growth of faba bean andRhizobium leguminosarum . World J Microbiol Biotechnol 5, 247–254 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01741849
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01741849