Skip to main content
Log in

Die Bedeutung des Endothels der Gefäßwand für die Aufrechterhaltung der Hämostase

The contribution of the vascular endothelium to the maintainance of haemostasis

  • Übersichten
  • Published:
Klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The endothelial lining contributes in many respects to the patency of the vasculature. The production of heparan sulphate, release of prostacyclin and expression of the membrane cofactor thrombomodulin that is essentially required for the activation of protein C represent important mechanisms that warrant thromboresistance. If the integrity of the vessel wall is lost, the exposed subendothelium that has been built up by the endothelial cells serves as a highly reactive surface for platelets whose adherence is facilitated by another endothelial cell product, the von Willebrand Factor. Induction of tissue factor production after exposure to endotoxin also emphasizes an important role für the endothelium in the pathogenesis of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Once thrombosis has occurred the release of plasminogen activator of tissue-type from the endothelium leads to dissolution of the clot and a functional restoration of the blood vessel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

APC:

aktiviertes Protein C

PF 4:

Plättchenfaktor 4

PGI2 :

Prostazyklin

t-PA:

Plasminogenaktivator vom Gewebetyp

UK:

Urokinase

Literatur

  1. Adler B, Gimbrone MA, Schafer AI, Handin RI (1981) Prostacyclin andβ-adrenergic catecholamines inhibit arachidonate release and PGI2 synthesis by vascular endothelium. Blood 58:514–517

    Google Scholar 

  2. Awbrey BJ, Hoak JC, Owen WG (1979) Binding of human thrombin to cultured human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 254:4092–4095

    Google Scholar 

  3. Baenzinger NL, Brodie GN, Majerus PW (1971) A thrombin-sensitive protein of human platelet membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68:240–243

    Google Scholar 

  4. Baenzinger NL, Becherer PR, Majerus PW (1979) Characterization of prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells, venous endothelial cells and skin fibroblasts. Cell 16:967–974

    Google Scholar 

  5. Balleisen L, Gay S, Marx R, Kühn K (1975) Comparative investigation on the influence of human bovine collagen type I, II and III on the aggregation of human platelets. Klin Wochenschr 53:903–905

    Google Scholar 

  6. Balian G, Click EM, Crouch E, Davidson JM, Bornstein P (1979) Isolation of a collagen binding fragment from fibronectin and cold insoluble globulin. J Biol Chem 254:1429–1435

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bertina RM, Broekmans IK, van der Linden J, Mertens K (1982) Protein C deficiency in a dutch family with thrombotic disease. Thromb Haemostas 48:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bohn E, Müller-Berghaus G (1976) The effect of leukocyte and platelet transfusion on the activation of intravascular coagulation by endotoxin in granulocytopenic and thrombocytopenic rabbits. Am J Pathol 84:239–276

    Google Scholar 

  9. Booyse FM, Sedlak BJ, Rafelson ME (1975) Culture of arterial endothelial cells. Characterization and growth of bovine aortic cells. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 34:825–839

    Google Scholar 

  10. Booyse FM, Osikowicz G, Feder S, Scheinbuks J (1984) Isolation and characterization of a urokinase-type plasminogen activator (MR = 54,000) from cultured human-endothelial cells indistinguishable from urinary urokinase. J Biol Chem 259:7189–7205

    Google Scholar 

  11. Born GVR, Wehmeier A (1979) Inhibition of platelet thrombus formation by chlorpromazine acting to diminish haemodynamically induced hemolysis. Nature 282:212

    Google Scholar 

  12. Branson H, Katz J, Marble R, Griffin JH (1983) Inherited protein C deficiency and coumarin-responsive chronic relapsing purpura fulminans in a newborn infant. Lancet II:1165–1168

    Google Scholar 

  13. Brotherton AFA, Hoak JC (1983) Prostacyclin biosynthesis in cultured vascular endothelium is limited by deactivation of cyclooxygenase. J Clin Invest 72:1255–1261

    Google Scholar 

  14. Buchanan MR, Butt RW, Magas Z, van Ryn J, Hirsh J, Nazir DJ (1985) Endothelial cells produce a lipoxygenase derived chemo-repellant which influences platelet/endothelial cell interactions. Effect of aspirin and salicylate. Thromb Haemostas 53:306–311

    Google Scholar 

  15. Buonassisi V (1973) Sulfated mucopolysaccharide synthesis and secretion in endothelial cell cultures. Exp Cell Res 76:363–368

    Google Scholar 

  16. Busch C, Ljungman C, Heldin CH, Waskson E, Öbrink B (1979) Surface properties of cultured endothelial cells. Haemostasis 8:142–148

    Google Scholar 

  17. Busch C, Dawes J, Pepper DS, Wasteson A (1980) Binding of platelet factor 4 to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Thromb Res 19:129–137

    Google Scholar 

  18. Busch C, Owen WG (1982) Identification in vitro of an endothelial cell surface cofactor for antithrombin III. J Clin Invest 69:726–729

    Google Scholar 

  19. Caldwell PRB, Seegal BC, Hsu KC (1976) Angiotensin-converting enzyme: Vascular endothelial localization. Science 191:1050–1051

    Google Scholar 

  20. Cerveny TJ, Fass DN, Mann KG (1984) Synthesis of coagulation factor V by cultured aortic endothelium. Blood 63:1467–1474

    Google Scholar 

  21. Charo IF, Shak S, Karasek MA, Davison PM, Goldstein IM (1984) Prostaglandin I2 is not the major metabolite of arachidonic acid in cultured endothelial cells from human foreskin microvessels. J Clin Invest 74:914–919

    Google Scholar 

  22. Colucci M, Balconi G, Lorenzet R, Pietra A, Locati D, Donati MB, Semeraro N (1983) Cultured human endothelial cells generate tissue factor in response to endotoxin. J Clin Invest 71:1893–1896

    Google Scholar 

  23. Colucci M, Stassen JM, Collen D (1984) Influence of protein C activation on blood-coagulation and fibrinolysis in squirrel-monkeys. J Clin Invest 74:200–204

    Google Scholar 

  24. Comp PC, Esmon CT (1981) Generation of fibrinolytic activity by infusion of activated protein C into dogs. J Clin Invest 68:1221–1228

    Google Scholar 

  25. Comp PC, Nixon RR, Cooper MR, Esmon CT (1984) Familial protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis. J Clin Invest 74:2082–2088

    Google Scholar 

  26. Coughlin SR, Moskowitz MA, Zetter BR, Antoniades HN, Levine L (1980) Platelet-dependent stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis by platelet-derived growth factor. Nature 288:600–603

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cramer EB, Pologe L, Pawlowski NA, Cohn ZA, Scott WA (1983) Leukotriene C promotes prostacyclin synthesis by human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:4109–4113

    Google Scholar 

  28. Curwen KD, Gimbrone MA, Handin RI (1980) In vitro studies of thromboresistance: The role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in platelet adhesion to cultured normal and virally transformed human vascular endothelial cells. Lab Invest 42:366–374

    Google Scholar 

  29. Dejana E, Languino LR, Polentarutti N, Balconi G, Ryckewaert JJ, Larrieu MJ, Donati MB, Montovani A, Marguerie G (1985) Interaction between fibrinogen and cultured endothelial cells: Induction of migration and specific binding. J Clin Invest 75:11–18

    Google Scholar 

  30. Delvos U, Gajdusek C, Sage H, Harker LA, Schwartz SM (1982) Interactions of vascular wall cells with collagen gels. Lab Invest 46:61–72

    Google Scholar 

  31. Delvos U, Preissner KT, Müller-Berghaus G (1985) Binding of fibrinogen to cultured bovine endothelial cells. Thromb Haemostas 53:26–31

    Google Scholar 

  32. Dunham B, Shepro D, Hechtman HB (1984) Leukotriene induction of TXB2 in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Inflammation 8:313–321

    Google Scholar 

  33. Emeis JJ, van Hinsbergh VWM, Verheijen JH, Wijngaards G (1983) Inhibition of tissue-type plasminogen activator by conditioned medium from cultured human and porcine endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 110:392–398

    Google Scholar 

  34. Engvall E, Ruoslahti E, Miller EJ (1978) Affinity of fibronectin to collagens of different genetic types and fibrinogen. J Exp Med 147:1584–1595

    Google Scholar 

  35. Erickson LA, Ginsberg MH, Loskutoff DJ (1984) Detection and partial characterization of an inhibitor of plasminogen-activator in human platelets. J Clin Invest 74:1465–1472

    Google Scholar 

  36. Esmon CT, Owen WG (1981) Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin catalyzed activation of protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:2249–2252

    Google Scholar 

  37. Esmon CT, Esmon NL, Harris KW (1982) Complex formation between thrombin and thrombomodulin inhibits both thrombin-catalyzed fibrin formation and factor V activation. J Biol Chem 257:7944–7947

    Google Scholar 

  38. Gartner KT, Gerrard JM, White JG, Williams DC (1981) Fibrinogen is the receptor for the endogenous lectin of human platelets. Nature 289:688–690

    Google Scholar 

  39. Glimelius B, Busch C, Höök M (1978) Binding of heparin on the surface of cultured human endothelial cells. Thromb Res 12:773–782

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gurewich V, Pannell R, Luoie S, Kelley P, Suddith P, Greenlee R (1984) Effective and fibrin-specific clot lysis by a zymogen precursor form of urokinase (pro-urokinase)-A study in vitro and in two animal species. J Clin Invest 73:1731–1739

    Google Scholar 

  41. Griffin JH, Evatt B, Zimmermann TS, Kleiss AJ, Wideman C (1981) Deficiency of protein C in congenital thrombotic disease. J Clin Invest 68:1370–1373

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hawiger J, Parkinson S, Timmons S (1980) Prostacyclin inhibits mobilisation of fibrinogen binding sites on human ADP- and thrombin-treated platelets. Nature 283:195–197

    Google Scholar 

  43. Heimark RL, Schwartz SM (1983) Binding of coagulation factors IX and X to the endothelial cell surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 111:723–731

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hiebert LM, Jaques LB (1976) Heparin uptake on endothelium Artery 2:26–37

    Google Scholar 

  45. van Hinsbergh VWM, Bertina RM, Wijngaarden A, van Tilburg NH, Emeis JJ, Haverkate F (1985) Activated protein C decreases plasminogen activator-inhibitor activity in endothelial cell-conditioned medium. Blood 65:444–451

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hong SL (1980) Effect of bradykinin and thrombin on prostacyclin synthesis in endothelial cells from calf and pig aorta and human umbilical cord vein. Thromb Res 18:787–795

    Google Scholar 

  47. Houdijk WPM, Sixma JJ (1985) Fibronectin in artery subendothelium is important for platelet-adhesion. Blood 65:598–604

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hoyer LW (1981) The Factor VIII complex: Structure and function. Blood 58:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ingerman-Wojenski C, Silver MJ, Smith JB, Macarak EJ (1981) Bovine endothelial cells in culture produce thromboxane as well as prostacyclin. J Clin Invest 67:1292–1296

    Google Scholar 

  50. Jaffe EA, Nachman RL, Becker CG, Minick CR (1973) Culture of human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. J Clin Invest 52:2745–2756

    Google Scholar 

  51. Jaffe EA, Hoyer LW, Nachman RL (1973) Synthesis of antihemophilic factor antigen by cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 52:2757–2764

    Google Scholar 

  52. Jaffe EA, Mosher DF (1978) Synthesis of fibronectin by cultured human endothelial cells. J Exp Med 147:1779–1791

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jaffe EA, Weksler BB (1979) Recovery of endothelial cells prostacyclin production after inhibition by low doses of aspirin. J Clin Invest 63:532–535

    Google Scholar 

  54. Jaffe EA, Leung LLK, Nachman RL, Levin RI, Mosher DF (1982) Thrombospondin is the endogenous lectin of human platelets. Nature 295:246–248

    Google Scholar 

  55. Jaffe EA, Ruggiero JT, Leung LLK, Doyle MJ, McKneown-Longo PJ, Mosher DF (1983) Cultured human fibroblasts synthesize and secrete thrombospondin and incorporate it into extracellular matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:998–1002

    Google Scholar 

  56. Jaffe EA, Ruggiero JT, Falcon DJ (1985) Monocytes and macrophages synthesize and secrete thrombospondin. Blood 65:79–84

    Google Scholar 

  57. Johnson ULH, Lyberg T, Galdal K, Prydz H (1983) Platelets stimulate thromboplastin synthesis in human endothelial cells. Thromb Haemostas 49:69–72

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kadish JL, Butterfield CE, Folkman J (1979) The effect of fibrin on cultured vascular endothelial cells. Tissue Cell 11:99–108

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kjellen L, Pettersson I, Höök M (1981) Cell-surface heparan sulfate: An intercalated membrane proteoglycan. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:5371–5375

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kraemer PM (1977) Heparin releases heparan sulfate from the cell surface. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 78:1334–1340

    Google Scholar 

  61. Lawler JW, Slayter HS, Coligan JE (1978) Isolation and characterization of a high molecular weight protein from human blood platelets. J Biol Chem 257:8609–8616

    Google Scholar 

  62. Leung LLK, Nachman RL (1982) Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with fibrinogen. J Clin Invest 70:542–549

    Google Scholar 

  63. Leung LLK, Nachman RL, Harpel PC (1984) Complex-formation of platelet thrombospondin with histidine-rich glycoprotein. J Clin Invest 73:5–12

    Google Scholar 

  64. Levin EG, Loskutoff DJ (1982) Cultured bovine endothelial cells produce both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators. J Cell Biol 94:631–636

    Google Scholar 

  65. Levin EG (1983) Latent tissue plasminogen activator produced by human endothelial cells in culture: Evidence for an enzyme-inhibitor complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6804–6808

    Google Scholar 

  66. Levin EG, Marzek U, Anderson J, Harker LA (1984) Thrombin stimulates tissue plasminogen-activator release from cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 74:1988–1995

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lieberman GE, Lewis GP, Peters TJ (1977) A membrane-bound enzyme in rabbit aorta capable of inhibiting adenosine-diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Lancet II:330–332

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lijnen HR, Collen D (1982) Interaction of plasminogen activators and inhibitors with plasminogen and fibrin. Semin Thromb Haemostasis 8:2–10

    Google Scholar 

  69. Loskutoff DJ, Edgington TS (1981) An inhibitor of plasminogen activator in rabbit endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 256:4142–4145

    Google Scholar 

  70. Loskutoff DJ, van Mourik JA, Erickson LA, Lawrence D (1983) Detection of an unusually stable fibrinolytic inhibitor produced by bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:2956–2960

    Google Scholar 

  71. Lyberg T, Galdal KS, Evensen SA, Prydz H (1983) Cellular cooperation in endothelial cell thromboplastin synthesis. Br J Haematol 53:85–95

    Google Scholar 

  72. Macarak EJ, Kirby E, Kirk T, Kefalides NA (1978) Synthesis of cold insoluble globulin by cultured calf endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2621–2626

    Google Scholar 

  73. Maciag T, Hoover GA, Stemerman MB, Weinstein R (1981) Serial propagation of human endothelial cells in vitro. J Cell Biol 91:420–426

    Google Scholar 

  74. Marcianiak E, Wilson HD, Marlar RA (1985) Neonatal purpura fulminans — a genetic disorder related to the absence of protein C in blood. Blood 65:15–20

    Google Scholar 

  75. Marcum JA, McKenney JB, Rosenberg RD (1984) Acceleration of thrombin-antithrombin complex-formation in rat hindquarters via heparinlike molecules bound to the endothelium. J Clin Invest 74:341–350

    Google Scholar 

  76. Marcus AJ, Weksler BB, Jaffe EA, Broekman MJ (1980) Synthesis of prostacyclin from platelet-derived endoperoxides by cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 66:979–986

    Google Scholar 

  77. Marguerie GA, Plow EF, Edgington TS (1979) Human platelets possess a inducible and saturable receptor specific for fibrinogen. J Biol Chem 254:5337–5363

    Google Scholar 

  78. McPherson J, Sage H, Bornstein P (1981) Isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein secreted by aortic endothelial cells in culture. J Biol Chem 256:11330–11336

    Google Scholar 

  79. Moncada S, Vane JR (1979) Arachidonic acid metabolites and the interactions between platelets and blood-vessel walls. N Engl J Med 300:1142–1147

    Google Scholar 

  80. Mosher DF, Doyle MJ, Jaffe EA (1982) Synthesis and secretion of thrombospondin by cultured human endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 93:343–348

    Google Scholar 

  81. Mumby SM, Raugi GJ, Bornstein P (1984) Interactions of thrombospondin with extracellular-matrix proteins. Selective binding to type V collagen. J Cell Biol 98:646–652

    Google Scholar 

  82. Nawroth PP, Stern DM, Kaplan KL, Nossel HL (1984) Prostacyclin production by perturbed bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture. Blood 64:801–806

    Google Scholar 

  83. Nawroth PP, Stern DM, Dietrich M (1985) Thromboxane production by perturbed bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture. Blut 50:7–11

    Google Scholar 

  84. Owen WG, Esmon CT (1981) Functional properties of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin catalyzed activation of protein C. J Biol Chem 256:5532–5535

    Google Scholar 

  85. Parsons TJ, Haycraft DL, Hoak JC, Sage H (1983) Diminished platelet adherence to type V collagen. Arteriosclerosis 3:589–598

    Google Scholar 

  86. Philips M, Juul AG, Thorsen S (1984) Human endothelial cells produce a plasminogen activator inhibitor and a tissue-type plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex. Biochim Biophys Acta 802:99–110

    Google Scholar 

  87. Philipps DR, Jennings LK, Prasanna HR (1980) Ca++-association of glycoprotein G (thrombin-sensitive protein, thrombospondin) with human platelets. J Biol Chem 255:11629–11632

    Google Scholar 

  88. Plow EF, Ginsberg MH (1981) Specific and saturable binding of plasma fibronectin to thrombin-stimulated platelets. J Biol Chem 256:9477–9482

    Google Scholar 

  89. Raugi GJ, Mumby SM, Abbott-Brown D, Bornstein P (1982) Thrombospondin: Synthesis and secretion by cells in culture. J Cell Biol 95:351–354

    Google Scholar 

  90. Reidy MA, Schwartz SM (1983) Endothelial injury and regeneration. IV. Endotoxin: A non-denuding injury to aortic endothelium. Lab Invest 48:25–34

    Google Scholar 

  91. Rodgers GM, Shuman MA (1983) Prothrombin is activated on vascular endothelial cells by factor Xa and calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:7001–7005

    Google Scholar 

  92. Roth GJ, Stanford N, Majerus PW (1975) Acetylation of prostaglandin synthase by aspirin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:3073–3076

    Google Scholar 

  93. Ryan US, Ryan JW (1984) The endothelial cell-surface. Biorheology 21:39–56

    Google Scholar 

  94. Sage H, Crouch E, Bornstein P (1979) Collagen synthesis by bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture. Biochemistry 24:5433–5442

    Google Scholar 

  95. Schafer AI, Crawford DD, Gimbrone MA (1984) Unidirectional transfer of prostaglandin endoperoxides between platelets and endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 73:1105–1112

    Google Scholar 

  96. Schwarz HP, Fischer M, Hopmeier P, Betard MA, Griffin JH (1984) Plasma protein S deficiency in familial thrombotic disease. Blood 64:1297–1300

    Google Scholar 

  97. Schwartz SM (1978) Selection and characterization of bovine aortic endothelial cells. In Vitro 14:966–980

    Google Scholar 

  98. Sixma JJ, Sakariassen KS, Stel HV, Houdijk WPM, in der Maur DW, Hamer RJ, Groot PG de, Mourik JA van (1984) Functional domains of von Willebrand factor. J Clin Invest 74:736–744

    Google Scholar 

  99. Spector AA, Kaduce TL, Hoak JC, Czervionke RL (1983) Arachidonic acid availability and prostacyclin production by cultured human endothelial cells. Arteriosclerosis 3:323–332

    Google Scholar 

  100. Stel HV, Sakariassen KS, de Groot PG, van Mourik JA, Sixma JJ (1985) Von Willebrand factor in the vessel wall mediates platelet adherence. Blood 65:85–90

    Google Scholar 

  101. Stenflo J (1976) A new vitamin K dependent protein: Purification from bovine plasma and preliminary characterization. J Biol Chem 251:355–363

    Google Scholar 

  102. Stern D, Drillings M, Nossel HL, Hurlet-Jensen A, La Gamma KS, Owen J (1983) Binding of factors IX and IXa to cultured vascular endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:4119–4123

    Google Scholar 

  103. Suzuki K, Nishioka J, Matsuda M, Murayama H, Hashimoto S (1984) Protein-S is essential for the activated protein-C catalyzed inactivation of platelet associated factor Va. J Biochem 96:455–460

    Google Scholar 

  104. Teien AN, Abildgaard U, Höök M (1976) The anticoagulant effect of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Thromb Res 8:859–867

    Google Scholar 

  105. Timmons SD, Hawiger JJ (1984) Fibrinogen binds to “traumatized” endothelial cells. Circulation 70 (Suppl II):96

    Google Scholar 

  106. Trelstad RL, Carvalho ACA (1979) Type IV and type “A–B” collagen do not elicit platelet aggregation or the serotonin release reaction. J Lab Clin Med 93:499–505

    Google Scholar 

  107. Tuddenham EGD, Lazarchick J, Hoyer LW (1981) Synthesis and release of factor VIII by cultured human endothelial cells. Br J Haematol 47:617–626

    Google Scholar 

  108. Walker FJ (1984) Regulation of vitamin K-dependent protein S. J Biol Chem 259:10335–10339

    Google Scholar 

  109. Weksler BB, Marcus AJ, Jaffe EA (1977) Synthesis of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) by cultured human and bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3922–3926

    Google Scholar 

  110. Weksler BB, Ley CW, Jaffe EA (1978) Stimulation of endothelial cell prostacyclin production by thrombin, trypsin, and the ionophore A 23187. J Clin Invest 62:923–930

    Google Scholar 

  111. Zucker MB, Mosesson MW, Broekman MJ, Kaplan KL (1979) Release of platelet fibronectin (cold insoluble globulin) from α-granules induced by thrombin or collagen; lack of requirement of plasma fibronectin in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Blood 54:8–15

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Herrn Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Hanns-Gotthard Lasch zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet

Unterstützt durch die Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, Hannover

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Delvos, U., Müller-Berghaus, G. Die Bedeutung des Endothels der Gefäßwand für die Aufrechterhaltung der Hämostase. Klin Wochenschr 63, 1237–1246 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01738448

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01738448

Key words

Navigation