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Biophysikochemische Strukturen des glomerulären Filters

The biophysicochemical structure of the glomerular filter

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Summary

The ultrastructural and the biophysical and biochemical qualities of glomerular permeability to protein molecules are reviewed. With regard to differently located immune deposition in human glomerulonephritis, description and discussion are addressed in a fixed order of layers: 1. endothelial-subendothelial, i.e. the endothelial cells with fenestrae and the lamina rara interna of the basement membrane (bm), 2. membranous, i.e. the lamina densa of the bm, 3. subepithelial-epithelial, i.e. the lamina rara externa of the bm and the podocytes with food processes and slit diaphragms. It is emphasized that the 3 layers act as gradually (coarse to fine) filter barriers. On the basis of well known structural peculiarities, in the last 10 years experimental studies revealed that the meshwork of type IV collagen and the negatively charged heparan sulfate-proteoglycans — “the glomerular polyanion” — are integrated in sieving of protein molecules. These components are differently located in the stratified cellular and extracellular layers of the glomerular filter and their combined action is the basis of a size, charge and configuration dependend filtration of macromolecules. In this way the passage of the mostly negative charge blood proteins, expecially albumin, is prevented under normal conditions.

Zusammenfassung

Die Feinstrukturen sowie die biophysikalischen und biochemischen Eigenschaften des glomerulären Filters für die Permeation von Makromolekülen werden dargestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlich lokalisierten Immunkomplexablagerungen bei den verschiedenen Formen der Glomerulonephritis des Menschen orientieren sich Beschreibung und Diskussion an bestimmte Schichten des Filters: 1. endothelial — subendothelial (=porenhaltiges Endothel und lamina rara interna der Basalmembran), 2. membranös (=Lamina densa der Basalmembran) und 3. subepithelial — epithelial (=Lamina rara externa der Basalmembran und Podozyten mit Fußfortsätzen und Schlitzmembranen). Dabei wird hervorgehoben, daß die genannten Schichten Eigenschaften aufweisen, die eine zunehmend feinere Siebung von Makromolekülen aus dem Blut gewährleisten. Auf bekannte feinstrukturelle Besonderheiten des glomerulären Filters aufbauend, haben die experimentellen Untersuchungen der letzten 10 Jahre offenbart, daß ein Netzwerk von insbesondere Typ IV Collagen und die Existenz negativ geladener Heparansulfat-Proteoglykane („glomeruläres Polyanion“) wichtig für eine solche Siebung sind. Die Tatsache, daß die genannten Komponenten innerhalb der einzelnen Schichten in bestimmter Folge zellulär und extrazellulär lokalisiert sind, führt zu einem differenziert siebenden Filterapparat, der die Molekülgröße, die Konfiguration sowie die Ladung der Makromoleküle berücksichtigt. Dadurch wird der Durchtritt der zumeist negativ geladenen Blutproteine, insbesondere der von Albuminen, normalerweise verhindert.

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  1. Abteilung für Experimentelle Pathologie der Hoechst AG (Frankfurt/M.-Höchst), Germany

    K. H. Langer

  2. Pathologisch-Anatomisches Institut der Universität Mainz, Germany

    K. H. Langer

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Eberhard von Wasielewski, Hoechst AG/Universität Mainz, zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet

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Langer, K.H. Biophysikochemische Strukturen des glomerulären Filters. Klin Wochenschr 63, 835–849 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01738136

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