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Inselzellcarcinom mit Organischem Hyperinsulinismus Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie

Islet cell carcinoma with organic hyperinsulinism clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment

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Summary

About 8%–15% of the patients with organic hyperinsulinism have an islet cell carcinoma (13% in our series). In addition to a history of complaints of relatively recent onset, the patients present clinically the typical intermittent neurologic-psychiatric symptoms concurrently associated with hypoglycemia. The diagnosis is established biochemically on the basis of hypoglycemia, with inadequate incrementation of the insulin concentration subsequent to suppression and provocation tests. Elevated serum proinsulin and, in most patients, an increased insulin secretion rate are usually found after administration of agents such as glucose or leucine. Localization of the tumors is achieved by selective coeliacography as well as abdominal computerized axial tomography. The islet cell carcinoma is found most frequently in the tail of the pancreas, less frequently in the body and head of the pancreas. Metastatic spread is seen early into adjacent lymph nodes and especially in the liver. The treatment of choice is surgical resection of the tumor. Even in cases with advanced metastatic involvement, surgical intervention appears indicated. Medical treatment includes the administration of diazoxide, long-acting glucagon as well as the cytostatic agent streptozotocin. The average survival time is 30–40 months after diagnosis (in our series 79 months). Thus, the prognosis of patients with islet cell carcinoma appears relatively favorable, especially when compared with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.

Zusammenfassung

Ein Inselzellcarcinom als Ursache eines organischen Hyperinsulinismus findet sich bei 8–15% der Patienten (13% im eigenen Krankengut). Klinisch im Vordergrund stehen neben einer kurzen Anamnese die durch die intermittierend auftretenden Hypoglykämien hervorgerufenen typischen neurologisch-psychiatrischen Symptome. Die biochemische Sicherung erfolgt durch den Nachweis von Hypoglykämien mit inadäquat hohen Insulinspiegeln im Rahmen von Suppressions- und Provokationstesten. Typisch ist ein hohes Serum-Proinsulin und meist eine Insulinsekretionsstarre nach Provokation mit Glucose, Leucin u.a. Die Tumorlokalisation erfolgt mit der selektiven Coeliakographie und der abdominellen Computertomographie. Das Inselzellcarcinom findet sich bevorzugt im Pankreasschwanz. Die Metastasierung erfolgt frühzeitig und bevorzugt Leber und regionäre Lymphknoten. Therapie der Wahl ist die operative Tumorentfernung. Auch bei fortgeschrittenem, metastasierendem Carcinom ist eine operative Tumorverkleinerung indiziert. Die konservative Behandlung umfaßt Medikamente wie Diazoxid und Depot-Glucagon und speziell als Cytostatikum Streptozotocin. Die mittlere Überlebenszeit der Patienten liegt zwischen 30 und 40 Monaten nach Diagnosestellung (eigenes Krankengut 79 Monate). Insgesamt ist die Prognose des Inselzellcarcinoms, vor allem im Vergleich mit dem Adenocarcinom des Pankreas, günstig.

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Wirsching, R., Spelsberg, F. & Landgraf, R. Inselzellcarcinom mit Organischem Hyperinsulinismus Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie. Klin Wochenschr 60, 815–822 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01728347

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