Abstract
This study identifies changes in employment and starting salary gaps among business graduates by gender during the 1980s. Although national data indicate that both employment conditions and earnings improved for women in general over the past decade, our results indicate that, at least for a select group of younger women, labor market conditions were mixed. First, female graduates majoring in business found it less difficult, both in absolute and relative terms, to secure full-time employment after graduation throughout the 1980s. That is, the employment success rate for these females increased relative to their male counterparts. Second, regardless of whether mean, regression, or decomposition analysis is used to calculate the gender gap in starting salaries, the gap continued to increase throughout the last decade. In addition, both the regression and decomposition results suggest that the mean starting salaries gap underestimated the actual gap for the two periods studied. Finally, the study suggests that of the college-acquired characteristics found to be significant determinants of employment success and starting salaries in the early 1980s, only academic achievement continued to play a significant positive role by the end of the decade.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adelman, Clifford (1991).Women at Thirtysomething: Paradoxes of Attainment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Becker, Gary S. (1995).Human Capital, 2nd ed. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Blau, Francine D., and Ferber, Marianne A. (1992).The Economics of Women, Men, and Work. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Blinder, Alan (1973). Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates.Journal of Human Resources 8(4): 436–455.
Bowles, Samuel, and Gintis, Herbert (1976).Schooling in Capitalistic America. New York: Basic Books.
Daymont, Thomas N., and Andrisani, Paul M. (1984). Job preferences, college major, and the gender gap in earnings.Journal of Human Resources 14(3): 408–428.
Economic Report of the President (1992). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Fuller, Rex, and Schoenberger, Richard E. (1988). College grades as determinants of early post-college employment and entry level salary.Business and Economic Review 2(1): 51–62.
Fuller, Rex, and Schoenberger, Richard E. (1991). The gender salary gap: Do academic achievement, internship experience, and college major make a difference?Social Science Quarterly 72(4): 715–726.
Jencks, Christopher, et al. (1979).Who Gets Ahead? New York: Basic Books.
Mincer, Jacob (1974).Schooling, Experience and Earnings. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Oaxaca, Ronald L. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets.International Economic Review (14): 693–709.
Rix, Sara E. (1990).The American Woman, 1990–91: A Status Report. New York: W. W. Norton.
Sewell, William H., and Hauser, Robert M. (1975).Education, Occupation and Earnings. New York: Academic Press.
Smart, John C. (1986). College effects on occupational status attainment.Research in Higher Education 24(1): 73–95.
Smart, John C. (1988). College influences on graduates' income levels.Research in Higher Education 29(1): 41–59.
Sorensen, Elaine (1991).Exploring the Reasons Behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press.
U.S. Bureau of the Census (1982).Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 132. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Bureau of the Census (1988).Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 162. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Bureau of the Census (1989).Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 166. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Callaway, R., Fuller, R. & Schoenberger, R. Gender differences in employment and starting salaries of business majors during the 1980s: The impact of college-acquired characteristics. Res High Educ 37, 599–614 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01724940
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01724940