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Studies on the clinical significance of nonesterified and total cholesterol in urine

Untersuchungen zur klinischen Bedeutung des Freien und Gesamtcholesterins im Urin

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Summary

Gas-liquid chromatographic determinations of nonesterified and total urinary cholesterol were performed in 137 normals, 264 patients with various internal diseases without evidence of neoplasias or diseases of the kidney or urinary tract, 497 patients with malignancies and 236 patients with diseases of the kidney, urinary tract infections or prostatic adenoma with residual urine. A normal range (mean±2 SD) of 0.2–2.2 mg/24 hours nonesterified cholesterol (NEC) and of 0.3–3.0 mg/24 hours total cholesterol (TC) was calculated.

Values of urinary cholesterol excretion were independent of age and sex and did not correlate with cholesterol levels in plasma. Patients with various internal diseases, without evidence of neoplasias nor diseases of the kidney or obstruction of the urinary tract, showed normal urinary cholesterol excretions, as did patients with infections of the urinary tract.

However, elevated urinary cholesterol was found in patients with diseases of the kidney or urinary tract obstruction (prostatic adenoma with residual urine), malignant diseases of the urogenital tract and metastasing carcinoma of the breast. In patients with other malignant diseases urinary cholesterol was usually normal.

Lesions of the urothelial cell membranes are considered to be the most likely cause of urinary cholesterol hyperexcretion. The clinical value of urinary cholesterol determinations as a possible screening test for urogenital carcinomas in unselected populations is limited by lacking specificity, expensive methodology and low prevalence of the mentioned carcinomas, although elevated urinary cholesterol excretions have been observed in early clinical stages of urogenital cancers.

Zusammenfassung

Gaschromatographische Bestimmungen von unverestertem und Gesamtcholesterin im Urin wurden bei 137 Normalpersonen, 264 Patienten mit verschiedenen internen Erkrankungen, ohne Hinweis für ein Malignom oder eine Erkrankung der Nieren und ableitenden Harnwege, 479 Patienten mit Malignomen und 236 Patienten mit Erkrankungen der Niere, Infektionen der ableitenden Harnwege oder Prostataadenom mit Restharn, durchgeführt.

Ein Normalbereich (\(\bar X\) log±2 SD) von 0.2–2.2 mg/24 Stunden für unverestertes Cholesterin und von 0.3–3.0 mg/24 Stunden für Gesamtcholesterin wurde errechnet.

Die Ausscheidung des Cholesterins im Urin war unabhängig vom Alter und Geschlecht und korrelierte nicht mit den Cholesterinwerten im Plasma. Patienten mit verschiedenen internen Erkrankungen, ohne Hinweis für ein Malignom oder eine Erkrankung der Nieren und ableitenden Harnwege, zeigten eine normale Cholesterinausscheidung im Urin, wie auch Patienten mit Harnwegsinfektionen.

Dagegen wurden ein erhöhtes Urincholesterin bei Patienten mit Nierenerkrankungen oder Prostataadenomen mit Restharn, malignen Erkrankungen des Urogenitaltrakts, sowie bei metastasierenden Mammacarcinomen beobachtet.

Bei Patienten mit Malignomen anderer Lokalisation war die Cholesterinausscheidung im Urin gewöhnlich normal. Läsionen von Zellmembranen des Urothels können als die wahrscheinlichste Ursache einer gesteigerten Cholesterinausscheidung im Urin angesehen werden.

Der klinische Wert der Cholesterinbestimmung im Urin als möglicher Screeningtest für Urogenitalcarcinome in unselektierten Populationen ist begrenzt durch fehlende Spezifität, aufwendige Methodik und insbesondere die niedrige Prävalenz der erwähnten Carcinome, obwohl erhöhte Cholesterinausscheidungen im Urin auch in Frühstadien von Urogenitalcarcinomen beobachtet werden konnten.

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Jüngst, D., Wallner, J., Pickel, A. et al. Studies on the clinical significance of nonesterified and total cholesterol in urine. Klin Wochenschr 59, 545–552 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716455

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