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Wirkungen der Ballaststoffe am oberen Intestinaltrakt

Effects of dietary fiber on the upper gastrointestinal tract

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Summary

Dietary fibers comprise a very heterogenous group of indigestible plant compounds. Whereas they exert only little effects on the recovery of the digestible parts of a meal they can modify various digestive processes. Most important seems to be the ability to inhibit digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, which enables better treatment of diabetics. The observation that serum cholesterol can be decreased by certain dietary fibers finds special interest also because of the possible reduction of risk for developing atherosclerosis. The various effects depend upon the physicochemical properties of the different fibers: they comprise the ability to bind water and organic substances, viscosity and cationic-exchange.

Zusammenfassung

Ballaststoffe umfassen eine sehr heterogene Gruppe von unverdaulichen pflanzlichen Nahrungsbestandteilen. Während sie die Ausnutzung der Nährstoffe relativ gering beeinflussen, können sie verschiedene Verdauungsprozesse erheblich beeinträchtigen. Für die Praxis am bedeutsamsten ist die Verzögerung der Digestion und Absorption von Kohlenhydraten, was bei Diabetikern zu einer besseren Stoffwechselführung und zu einer Insulineinsparung beitragen kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist auch die Senkung des Serumcholesterinspiegels und des damit evtl. korrelierten Arterioskleroserisikos. Die vielfältigen Wirkungen werden von den einzelnen Ballaststoffen in sehr unterschiedlichem Ausmaß ausgeübt. Eine Möglichkeit zu ihrem Verständnis bietet die Analyse der jeweiligen physikochemischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere der Quellfähigkeit, der Viskosität, der Bindungsfähigkeit von organischen Substanzen sowie der Fähigkeit zum Kationenaustausch.

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    Werner E. Hansen

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Hansen, W.E. Wirkungen der Ballaststoffe am oberen Intestinaltrakt. Klin Wochenschr 60, 1475–1483 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716098

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