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Chromosomenbefunde bei Erkrankungen des blutbildenden Systems

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Zusammenfassung

Die Chromosomenbefunde bei den bösartigen Erkrankungen des blutbildenden Systems unterscheiden sich nicht prinzipiell von denen bei malignen Tumoren anderer Organe. Eine Sonderstellung nimmt die chronische myeloische Leukämie mit dem spezifischen Philadelphia-Chromosom, das im subklinischen Frühstadium zur Diagnostik gegenüber der reaktiven Markproliferation verwendet werden kann, vielleicht auch die Makroglobulinämie Waldenström mit einem großen Extrachromosom der Gruppe A, ein. Der cytogenetische Befund darf nur im Rahmen des klinischen Bildes und anderer Laborergebnisse gedeutet werden, da selbst Genommutationen nicht zwangsläufig mit Malignität gleichgesetzt werden dürfen. Ist bei einer Neoplasie eine Chromosomenmutation vorhanden, so kann die cytogenetische Verlaufskontrolle therapeutische und prognostische Rückschlüsse erlauben. Das maligne Zellwachstum wird durch Genmutation, die u. U. durch eine vorbestehende Störung des genetischen Gleichgewichts begünstigt wird, ausgelöst.

Summary

Chromosomal findings in malignant diseases of haematopoetic system in general are not different from those of malignant tumours of other organs. One exception is the chronic myeloid leukaemia: in early subclinical states the specific Philadelphiachromosome may be of diagnostic value in respect to reaktive myeloproliferative disorders, perhaps an other in Macroglobulinaemia Waldenström is a large supernumerary chromosome of group A. The cytogenetic findings may only be valuated in the whole spectrum of clinical findings including other reports of laboratory, because even mutations of the genom are not equal in all cases with malignancy. If in neoplastic disease a mutation of chromosomes is present, cytogenetic control of course may be of therapeutic and prognostic value. Malignant growth is induced by genmutation, which possibly is favoured by an existing disturbtion of genetic balance.

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    Horst Siebner

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Siebner, H. Chromosomenbefunde bei Erkrankungen des blutbildenden Systems. Klin Wochenschr 46, 1237–1241 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01711865

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