References
WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record: Vol. 66, May 10 (1991) 133–136.
WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record: Vol. 66, Oct. 18 (1991) 305–311.
Glass, R. I., Claeson, M., Blake, P., Waldman, J. R., Pierce, F. N. Cholera in Africa: Lessons on transmission and control for Latin America. Lancet 338 (1991) 791–795.
Witt, M. V., Reiff, M. F. Environmental health conditions and cholera vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean. Journal of Public Health Policy Vol. 12, No. 4 (1991) 450–463.
Llopis, A., Halbrohr, J. Antecedentes Históricos del Cólera en las Américas, PAHO. Epidemiol. Bull. Vol. 12, No. 1 (1991) 10–12.
Centers for Disease Control, MMWR Cholera, Peru 1991. Vol. 40 (1991) 108–110.
Batchelar, R. A., Wigmall, F. No toxigenic O1Vibrio cholerae in Peru: a report of two cases associated with diarrhea. Diagn. Micorbiol. Infect. Dis. 10 (1983) 135–138.
Snow, J. On the mode of communication of cholera, New York. The Commonwealth Fund, London, Oxford University Press, 1936, pp. 110–137.
California Health Services Department: anonymous mimeo., February 21, 1992.
WHO, Global Cholera Update, Jan. 30, 1992.
UNICEF Estado Mundial de la Infancia 1990 (Statistical Annex).
Hughes, J. M., Boyce, J. M., Levine, R. J., Moslemuddin, K., Aziz, K. M. A., Huo, H. I., Curlin, T. G. Epidemiology of El Tor cholera in rural Bangladesh: importance of surface water in transmission. Bull. World Health Organization 60 (1982) 395–404.
Clemens, J. D., Sack, D. A., Harris, J. R., Khan, M. R., Chakroborty, J., Chawdhury, S., Rao, M. R., Van Loon, F. P. L., Stanton, B. F., Yunus, M. D., Aly, M., Ansoruzzman, M., Svennerholm, A. M., Holmgren, S. Breastfeeding and the risk of severe cholera in rural Bangladesh children. Am. J. Epidemiol. 3 (1990) 400–411.
Clemens, J. D., Van Loon, F., Sack. D. A., Rao, M. R., Ahmed, F., Chakroborty, S., Bradford, A. K., Khan, M. R., Yunus, M., Harris, J. R., Svennerholm, A. M., Holmgren, J. Biotype as determinant of natural immunising effect of cholera. Lancet 337 (1991) 883–884.
National Health Survey, 1988 Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Mexico.
National Survey on Morbidity, Mortality and Treatment of Diarrheas, 1988 Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Mexico.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sepulveda, J., Gomez-Dantes, H. & Bronfman, M. Cholera in the Americas: An overview. Infection 20, 243–248 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01710787
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01710787