Conclusions
1. When foundations ascend as a result of frost heaving, normal heaving forces are reduced. Measures directed not toward overcoming heaving forces, but toward reducing the deformations caused by these forces to limiting allowable values could therefore be considered in designing shallow foundations.
2. The pressure transmitted to the soil exerts a greater influence on foundation heaving than does the lower-surface area of the foundation.
3. The optimum shape of the lower surface of a columnar foundation on heaving soils is square.
4. The cost of 1 m2 of the overall area of a building is reduced by 10 rubles on average due to use of shallow foundations.
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Literature cited
Design Guidelines for Beds and Foundations on Heaving Soils [in Russian], Stroiizdat, Moscow (1979).
Additional information
General Scientific-Research Institute of Experimental Planning. Scientific-Research Institute of Bases and Underground Structures. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 4, pp. 21–23, July–August 1984.
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Sazhin, V.S., Borshchev, V.V. & Sazhin, A.V. Interaction between shallow foundations and slightly heaving bed soil. Soil Mech Found Eng 21, 177–180 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01710610
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01710610