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Concordance between polymerase chain reaction and antibody detection in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

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Abstract

A highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was used to detect human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 271 HIV-1-seropositive patients, 240 HIV-1-seronegative subjects at increased risk for HIV-1 infection, 51 serologically indeterminate individuals, and 120 healthy blood donors. PCR was carried out in a multiplex nested configuration with pol and env region primer sets. HIV-1 DNA was detected in all of the HIV-1 seropositive patients. In contrast, HIV-1 DNA was not detected in any of the either seronegative or serologically indeterminate subjects. Only one of 37 seronegative regular sexual partners of HIV-1-infected patients who were followed longitudinally was found to seroconvert to HIV-1. However, HIV-1 DNA and antibody results were concordant in the four samples obtained from this subject prior to and after seroconversion. These results show an excellent concordance between HIV-1 DNA and antibody detection for diagnosis of HIV-1 infection and suggest that long-term HIV-1 infection in the absence of detectable antibody is likely to occur at a very low frequency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100, Siena, Italy

    L. Romano, M. Catucci, A. De Milito, G. Venturi, M. Zazzi & P. E. Valensin

  2. Servizio di Microbiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Senese, Siena, Italy

    M. Zazzi & P. E. Valensin

  3. Divisione di Malattie Infettive I, Azienda Ospedaliera Senese, Siena, Italy

    P. Almi, A. Gonnelli & M. Rubino

  4. Unità Operativa Medicina e Malattie Infettive, USL 9, Arezzo, Italy

    R. Maestrini

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  1. L. Romano
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  2. M. Catucci
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  3. A. De Milito
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  4. G. Venturi
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  5. M. Zazzi
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  6. P. Almi
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  7. A. Gonnelli
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  8. M. Rubino
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  9. R. Maestrini
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  10. P. E. Valensin
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Romano, L., Catucci, M., De Milito, A. et al. Concordance between polymerase chain reaction and antibody detection in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 14, 1011–1014 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01691386

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01691386

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