Summary
The acute toxicity of three commercial phosphate ester mixtures (hydraulic fluids) was tested against two invertebrates and four fishes. Pydraul 50E was more toxic than Houghtosafe 1120 in static and flow-through tests; Pydraul 115E was the least toxic. In flow-through tests these phosphate esters were less acutely toxic than PCB's. However, sublethal reactions to the phosphates suggest a need for chronic toxicity studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ABADIR, B.Y., and M.E. MAYBERRY: U.S. Patent 3, 459,730 (1970).
ANONYMOUS: Environ. Sci. Technol.10, 122 (1976).
BONDY, H.F., J.P.W. HUGHES, J.L. LEAHY, and A.N. WORDEN: Toxicology1, 143 (1973).
BRAUHN, J.L., and R.A. SCHOETTGER: U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Ecol. Res. Ser. EPA-660-75-011 (1975).
COMMITTEE ON METHODS FOR TOXICITY TESTS WITH AQUATIC ORGANISMS: U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Ecol. Res. Ser. EPA-600-75-009 (1975).
E.F. HOUGHTON and COMPANY: E.F. Houghton Company, Philadelphia (1973).
FEST, C., and K.J. SCHMIDT: The chemistry of organophosphorous pesticides. Springer-Verlag. New York (1973).
GREEN, R.H.: Ecology46, 887 (1965).
GUSTAFSON, C.G.: Environ. Sci. Technol.4, 814 (1970).
HEAPS, J.M.: Plastics (Lond.)33, 410 (1968).
LAPP, T.W.: Project No. 3955-C, Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo. (1976).
LITCHFIELD, J.T., JR., and F. WILCOXON: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.96, 99 (1949).
McALLISTER, W.A., JR., W.L. MAUCK, and F.L. MAYER, JR.: Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.101, 555 (1972).
McCANN, J.A., and R.L. JASPER: Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.101, 317 (1972).
MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL COMPANY: Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Company, St. Louis. (1972).
MOUNT, D.I., and W.A. BRUNGS: Water Res.1, 21 (1967).
NISBET, I.C.T., and A.F. SAROFIM: Environ. Health Perspect.1, 21 (1972).
PEAKALL, D.B., and J.L. LINCER: Bio-Science20, 958 (1970).
RISEBROUGH, R.W., and B. DeLAPPE: Environ. Health Perspect.1, 39 (1972).
RISEBROUGH, R.W., P. RIECHE, S.F. HERMAN, D.B. PEAKALL, and M.N. KIRVEN: Nature (Lond.)220, 1098 (1968).
SARACENO, A.J.: U.S. Patent 3, 332,873 (1967).
SAX, N.I.: Dangerous properties of Industrial materials. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. (1968).
STALLING, D.L.,and F.L. MAYER: Environ. Health Perspect.1, 159 (1972).
WAGEMAN, R., B. GRAHAM, and W.L. LOCKHART: Can. Fish. Mar. Serv., Tech. Rep. No. 486. (1974).
ZITKO, V., and P.K.M. CHOI: Fish. Res. Board Can., Tech. Rep. No. 272. (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nevins, M.J., Johnson, W.W. Acute toxicity of phosphate ester mixtures to invertebrates and fish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19, 250–256 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685794
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01685794