References
Albanese, A.A., Lorenze, E.J., Orto, L.A., Wein, E.H., Zavattaro, D.N., de Carlo, R.: Serum ribonuclease. NY State J. Med. 1595 (1972)
Arroyave, G.: Comparative sensitivity of specific amino acid ratios versus “essential to nonessential” amino acid ratio. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.23, 703 (1970)
Askanazi, J., Elwyn, D.H., Kinney, J.M., Gump, F.E., Michelson, C.B., Stinchfield, F.E.: Muscle and plasma amino acids after injury. Ann. Surg.188, 797 (1978)
Beard, M.J., Hatipov, C.S., Hamer, J.W.: Acute marrow folate deficiency during intensive care. Br. Med. J.1, 624 (1978)
Bilmazes, C., Uauy, R., Haverberg, L.N., Munro, H.N., Young, V.R.: Muscle protein breakdown rates in humans based on N-methylhistidine content of mixed proteins in skeletal muscle and urinary output of N-methylhistidine. Metabolism27, 525 (1978)
Blackburn, G.L., Flatt, J.P., Hensle, T.W.: Peripheral amino acid infusions. In: Total Parenteral Nutrition. Fischer, J.E. (ed.), p. 363. Boston: Little & Brown 1976
Bozzetti, F.: Parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. Surgery Gynec. Obstet.142, 162 (1976)
Bradley, J.A., King, R.F.J.G., Schorah, C.J., Hill, G.L.: Vitamins in intravenous feeding: a study of water soluble vitamins and folate in critically ill patients receiving intravenous nutrition. Br. J. Surg.65, 492 (1978)
Chao, L., Shenkin, A., Furst, P., Neuhauser, M., Hanson, J., Liljedahl, S.O., Schildt, B., Hultman, E.: Biochemical changes associated with severe trauma. Acta. Chir. Scand., in press (1979)
Cuthbertson, D.P.: Observation on the disturbance of metabolism produced by injury to the limbs. Quart. J. Med.2, 233 (1932)
Davies, J.W.L., Fell, G.S.: Tissue catabolism in patients with burns. Clin. Chim. Acta51, 83 (1974)
Dunlap, W.M., James, G.W., Hume, D.M.: Anaemia and neutropenia caused by copper deficiency. Ann. Int. Med.80, 470 (1974)
Durnin, J.V.G.A., Womersley, J.: Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness. Br. J. Nutr.32, 77 (1974)
Editorial: Vitamin C, disease and surgical trauma. Br. Med. J.1, 437 (1979)
Editorial: Deficiencies in parenteral nutrition. Br. Med. J.2, 913 (1978)
Fell, G.S., Burns, R.R.: Zinc and other trace elements. In: Advances in Parenteral Nutrition. Johnston, I.D.A. (ed.), p. 241. Lancaster: M.T.P. Press 1978
Fleck, A.: Injury and plasma proteins. In: Metabolism and the Response to Injury. Wilkinson, A.W., Cuthbertson, D.P. (eds.), p. 229. Kent: Pitman 1976
Forbes, G.B., Bruining, G.J.: Urinary creatinine excretion and lean body mass. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.29, 1359 (1976)
Freund, H.J., Ryan, J.A., Fischer, J.E.: Amino acid derangements in patients with sepsis. Ann. Surg.188, 423 (1978)
Furst, P., Bergstrom, J., Kinney, J.M., Vinnars, E.: Nutrition in post-operative catabolism. In: Nutritional Aspects of Care in the Critically Ill. Richards, J.R., Kinney, J.M. (eds.), p. 389. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1977
Gazzaniga, A.G., Polachek, J.R., Wilson, A.F., Day, A.T.: Indirect calorimetry as a guide to caloric replacement during total parenteral nutrition. Am. J. Surg.136, 128 (1978)
Gump, F.E., Martin, P., Kinney, J.M.: Oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure in surgical patients. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.137, 499 (1973)
Hinton, P., Allison, S.P., Littlejohn, S., Lloyd, J.: Insulin and glucose to reduce the catabolic response to injury in burned patients. Lancet i, 767 (1971)
Ingenbleek, Y., Van den Schrieck, H.G., De Nayer, P., de Visscher, M.: Albumin, transferrin, and the thyroxine-binding prealbumin/retinol-binding protein (TBPA-RBP) complex in the assessment of malnutrition. Clin. Chim. Acta.63, 61 (1975)
Jeejeebhoy, K.N., Chu, R.C., Marliss, E.B., Greenberg, G.R., Bruce-Robertson, A.: Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neutropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.30, 531 (1977)
Jelliffe, D.B.: Assessment of the Nutritional Status of the Community. Geneva: World Health Organisation 1966
Johnston, I.D.A., Tweedle, D., Spivey, J.: Intravenous feeding after surgical operation. In: Parenteral Nutrition. Wilkinson, A.W. (ed.), p. 89. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1972
Karpel, J.T., Peden, V.H.: Copper deficiency in long-term parenteral nutrition. J. Ped.80, 32 (1972)
Kay, R.G., Tasman-Jones, C., Pybus, J., Whiting, R., Black, H.: A syndrome of acute zinc deficiency during total parenteral alimentation in man. Ann. Surg.183, 331 (1976)
Kinney, J.M.: Energy requirements for parenteral nutrition. In: Total Parenteral Nutrition. Fischer, J.E. (ed.), p. 135. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1976
Kinney, J.M., Duke, J.H., Long, C.L., Gump, F.E.: Carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism after injury. J. Clin. Path.23, 65 (1970)
Lee, H.A., Hartley, T.F.: A method of determining daily nitrogen requirements. Postgrad. Med. J.51, 441 (1975)
Levenson, S.M., Crawley, L.V., Rettura, R., Kan, D., Gruber, B.A., Seifter, E.: Influence of injury on vitamin metabolism. In: Metabolism and the Response to Injury. Wilkinson, A.W., Cuthbertson, D. (ed.), p. 253. Kent: Pitman Medical 1976
Long, C.L., Schiller, W.R., Blakemore, W.S., Geiger, J.W., O'Dell, M., Henderson, K.: Muscle protein catabolism in the septic patient as measured by 3-methylhistidine excretion. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.30, 1349 (1977)
McLean, L.D., Meakins, J.L., Taguchi, K., Duignan, J.P., Dhillon, K.S., Gordon, J.: Host resistance in sepsis and trauma. Ann. Surg.182, 207 (1975)
Mack, P.B., Montgomery, K.G.: Study of nitrogen balance and creatine and creatinine excretion during recumbency and ambulation of five young adult human males. Aerospace Med.44, 739 (1973)
Meakins, J.L., Pietsch, J.B., Bubenick, O., Kelly, R., Rode, H., Gordon, J., MacLean, L.D.: Delayed hypersensitivity: indicator of acquired failure of host defences in sepsis and trauma. Ann. Surg.186, 241 (1977)
Munro, H.N.: General aspects of the regulation of protein metabolism by diet and by hormones. In: Mammalian Protein Metabolism, Vol. 1. Munro, H.N., Allison, J.B. (eds.), p. 381. New York: Academic Press 1964
Olusi, S.O., McFarlane, H., Osunkoya, B.O., Adesina, H.: Specific protein assays in protein-calorie malnutrition. Clin. Chim. Acta62, 107 (1975)
Padilla, H., Sanchez, A., Powell, R.N., Umezawa, C., Swendseid, M.E., Prado, P.M., Sigala, R.: Plasma amino acids in children from Guadalajara with kwashiorkor. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.24, 353 (1971)
Rich, A.J., Whitehouse, M.E.: The relevance of preoperative nutritional assessment. Res. Clin. Forums1, 83 (1979)
Richards, J.R., Kinney, J.M.: Nutritional Aspects of Care of the Critically Ill. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1977
Rutten, P., Blackburn, G.L., Flatt, J.P., Hallowell, E., Cochran, E.: Determination of optimal hyperalimentation infusion rate. J. Surg. Res.18, 477 (1975)
Shenkin, A., Fell, G.S.: Mineral and vitamin requirements in parenteral nutrition. In: Practical Nutritional Support. Karran, S.J., Alberti, K.G.M.M. (eds.), p. 68. Tunbridge Wells: Pitman 1979
Shenkin, A., Steele, L.W.: Clinical and Laboratory assessment of nutritional status. Proc. Nutr. Soc.37, 95 (1978)
Shenkin, A., Wretlind, A.: Parenteral Nutrition. World Rev. Nutr. Diet.28, 1 (1978)
Shenkin, A., Neuhauser, M., Bergstrom, J., Chao, L., Vinnars, E., Larsson, J., Liljedahl, S.O., Schildt, B., Furst, P.: Biochemical changes associated with severe trauma. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. Submitted for publication
Shizgal, H.M., Spanier, A.H., Kurtz, R.S.: The effect of parenteral nutrition on body composition in the critically ill patient. Am. J. Surg.131, 156 (1976)
Spanier, H.M., Pietsch, J.B., Meakins, J.L., McLean, L.D., Shizgal, H.M.: The relationship between immune competence and nutrition. Surg. Forum.27, 332 (1976)
Smith, R.C., Tennant, G.B., Williams, R.H.P., Wardrop, C.A.J. Acute depression of serum folate due to ethanol-free parenteral nutrition and surgical trauma. Br. J. Surg.65, 364 (1978)
Wannemacher, R.W., Klainer, A.S., Dinterman, R.E., Beisel, W.R.: The significance and mechanism of an increased serum phenylalanine-tyrosine ratio during infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.29, 997 (1976)
Wannemacher, R.W., Klainer, A.S., Higbee, G.A., Beisel, W.R.: In: The Biochemical Role of Trace-Elements in Ageing. Hsu, J.M., Davy, R.C., Neithamer, R.W. (eds.), p. 175. Florida: Eckerd College 1976
Waterlow, J.C., Harper, A.E.: Assessment of protein nutrition. In: Total Parenteral Nutrition — Promises and Premises. Ghadimi, H. (ed.), p. 231. London: Wiley 1975
Wedge, J.H., de Campos, R., Kerr, A., Smith, R., Farrell, R., Ilic, V., Williamson, D.H.: Branched chain amino acids, nitrogen excretion and injury in man. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med.50, 393 (1976)
Whitehead, R.G., Dean, R.E.A.: Serum amino acids in kwashiorkor. 1. Relationship to clinical condition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.14, 313 (1964)
Williamson, D.H., Farrell, R., Kerr, A., Smith, R.: Muscle protein catabolism after injury in man, as measured by urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med.52, 527 (1977)
Woolfson, A.M.J.: Metabolic considerations in nutritional support. Res. Clin. Forum1, 35 (1979)
Woolf, L.I., Groves, A.C., Moore, J.P., Duff, J.H., Finley, R.D., Loomer, R.L.: Arterial plasma amino acids in patients with serious post-operative infection and in patients with major fractures. Surgery79, 283 (1976)
Young, V.R., Munro, H.N.: NT-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine) and muscle turnover: an overview. Fed. Proc.37, 2291 (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shenkin, A. Monitoring the nutritional status of critically III patients. Intensive Care Med 5, 165–170 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01683932
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01683932