Summary
Neuron-specific (γγ) enolase, a glycolytic enzyme used as a relatively specific marker for normal neurons and neuroendocrine cells, has recently been found in a variety of neoplastic cells and in reactive astrocytes. Its localization was investigated by immunohisto- and electron-immunocyto-chemistry, in the proliferating supportive Schwann cells of a peripheral ganglioneuroblastoma and in the neoplastic Schwann cells of four acoustic tumours. By light microscopy, the neoplastic Schwann cells showed moderate uneven diffuse immunopositivity for enolase. By electron-immunocy-tochemistry, both types of Schwann cells demonstrated immunopositivity discretely limited to their cell surface membranes. The neoplastic ganglion cells and axons of the ganglioneuroblastoma and the normal neurons and axons included in the schwannomas were, as expected, intensely immunopositive. The visualization of γγ enolase on the cell surface membranes of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic proliferating Schwann cells suggests that increased glycolytic activity may occur on the surface of these proliferating cells irrespective of the nature of the proliferation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ALESHIRE, S. L., GLICK, A. D., CRUZ, V. E., BRADLEY, C. A. & PARL, F. F. (1985) Neuroblastoma in adults. Pathological findings and clinical outcome.Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 109, 352–6.
CRAS, P., FEDERSPPIEL, S. S., GHEUENS, J., MARTIN, J.-J. & LOWENTHAL, A. (1986) Demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in nonneuronal tumors using a specific monoclonal antibody.Ann. Neurol. 20, 106–7.
DHILLON, A. P. & RODE, J. (1982) Patterns of staining for neurone specific enolase in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions of the skin.Diagnost. Histopathol. 5, 169–74.
DHILLON, A. P., RODE, J. & LEATHEM, A. (1982) Neurone specific enolase: an aid to the diagnosis of melanoma and neuroblastoma.Histopathology 6, 81–92.
ENG, L. F. & BIGBEE, J. W. (1978) Immunohistochemistry of nervous system-specific antigens. InAdvances in Neurochemistry, Vol. 3 (edited by AGRANOFF, B. W. and APRISON, M. H.) pp. 43–98. New York: Plenum Press.
ENG, L. F. & KOSEK, J. C. (1974) Light and electron microscopic localization of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein by immunoenzymatic techniques.Trans. Amer. Soc. Neurochem. 5, 160.
GHOBRIAL, M. & ROSS, E. R. (1986) Immunocytochemistry of neuron-specific enolase: a reevaluation. InProgress in Neuropathology (edited by ZIMMERMAN, H. M.) pp. 199–221. New York: Raven Press.
HAGLID, K., CARLSSON, C. A. & STAVROU, D. (1973) An immunological study of human brain tumors concerning the brain specific proteins S-100 and 14.3.2.Acta Neuropathol. 24, 187–96.
HAIMOTO, H., TAKAHASHI, Y., KOSHIKAWA, T., NAGURA, H. & KATO, K. (1985) Immunohistochemical localization of γ-enolase in normal human tissues other than nervous and neuroendocrine tissues.Lab. Invest. 52, 257–63.
ISHIGURO, Y., KATO, K., ITO, T., HORISAWA, M. & NAGAYA, M. (1984) Enolase isozymes as markers for differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms' tumor.Gann 75, 53–60.
JENTZER, A. & FATZER, H. (1937) Ein Fall von Gang-lioneurofibromatose des Mesenteriums und Darms mit maligner Umwandlung.Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 18, 569–71.
KARSNER, H. T. (1950) Tumors of the adrenal. InAtlas of Tumor Pathology, Sect. VIII, fasc. 29. Washington: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.
KURAMITSU, M., SAWA, H., TAKESHITA, I., IWAKI, T. & KATO, K. (1986) Neuron-specific γ-enolase derived from human glioma.Neurochem. Pathol. 4, 89–105.
MARANGOS, P. J., PARMA, A. M. & GOODWIN, F. K. (1978) Functional properties of neuronal and glial isoenzymes of brain enolase.J. Neurochem. 31, 727–32.
MARANGOS, P. J. & SCHMECHEL, D. (1980) The neurobiology of the brain enolases.Essays Neurochem. Neuropharmacol. 4, 211–47.
MAUNOURY, R., DAUMAS-DUPORT, C., FONTAINE, C. & VEDRENNE, C. (1979) Ultrastructural localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in human glioma culture by immunoperoxidase method.Brain Res. 170, 392–8.
NAKAGAWA, Y., PERENTES, E. & RUBINSTEIN, L. J. (1986) Immunohistochemical characterization of oligodendrogliomas: an analysis of multiple markers.Acta Neuropathol.,72, 15–22.
NAKAJIMA, T., KAMEYA, T., TSUMURAYA, M., SHIMOSATO, Y, ISOBE, T., ISHIOKA, N. & OKUYAMA, T. (1983) Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in normal and neoplastic tissues.Biomed. Res. 4, 495–504.
NEELY, J. G. (1981) Gross and microscopic anatomy of the eighth cranial nerve in relationship to the solitary schwannoma.The Laryngoscope 91, 1512–31.
NESLAND, J. M., HOLM, R., JOHANNESSEN, J. V. & GOULD, V. E. (1986) Neurone specific enolase immunostaining in the diagnosis of breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. Its usefulness and limitations.J. Pathol. 148, 35–43.
ODELSTAD, L., PÅHLMAN, S., NILSSON, K., LARSSON, E., LÄCKGREN, G., JOHANSSON, K., HJERTÉN, S. & GROTTE, G. (1981) Neuron specific enolase in relation to differentiation in human neuroblastoma.Brain Res. 224, 69–82.
PICKEL, V. M., REIS, D. J., MARANGOS, P. J. & ZOMZELY-NEURATH, C. (1976) Immunocytochemical localization of nervous system protein (NSP-R) in rat brain.Brain Res. 105, 184–7.
REYNOLDS, E. S. (1963) The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy.J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–12.
RICCI, A., CALLIHAN, T., PARHAM, D. M., GREEN, A., WOODRUFF, J. M. & ERLANDSON, R. A. (1984) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising from ganglioneuromas.Amer. J. Surg. Pathol. 8, 19–29.
ROYDS, J. A., IRONSIDE, J. W., TAYLOR, C. B., GRAHAM, D. I. & TIMPERLEY, W. R. (1986) An immunohistochemical study of glial and neuronal markers in primary neoplasms of the central nervous system.Acta Neuropathol. 70, 320–6.
RUSSELL, D. S. & RUBINSTEIN, L. J. (1977)Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System, 4th edn. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.
SCHACHNER, M., HEDLEY-WHYTE, E. T., HSU, D. W., SCHOONMAKER, G. & BIGNAMI, A. (1977) Ultrastructural localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mouse cerebellum by immunoperoxidase labeling.J. Cell Biol. 75, 67–73.
SCHMECHEL, D. E., MARANGOS, P. J. & BRIGHTMAN, M. W. (1979) Neuron-specific enolase is a marker for peripheral and central neuroendocrine cells.Nature 276, 834–6.
TAPIA, F. J., POLAK, J. M., BARBOSA, A. J. A., BLOOM, S. R., MARANGOS, P. J., DERMODY, C. & PEARSE, A. G. E. (1981) Neuron-specific enolase is produced by neuroendocrine tumours.Lancet 1, 808–11.
TSOKOS, M., LINNOILA, R. I., CHANDRA, R. S. & TRICHE, T. J. (1984) Neuron-specific enolase in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma and other small, round-cell tumours in children.Hum. Pathol. 15, 575–84.
VANDENBERG, S. R., MAY, E. E., RUBINSTEIN, L. J., HERMAN, M. M., PERENTES, E., VINORES, S. A., COLLINS, V. P. & PARK, T. S. (1987) Desmoplastic supratentorial neuroepithelial tumors of infancy with divergent differentiation potential (‘desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas’). A report on 11 cases of a distinctive embryonal tumor with favourable prognosis.J. Neurosurg.,66, 58–71.
VAN DEN DOEL, E. M. H., RIJKSEN, G., ROHOLL, P. J. M., VAN VEELEN, C. W. M. & STAAL, G. E. J. (1986) Enolase isoenzymes in human gliomas.J. Neurosurg. 65, 345–53.
VINORES, S. A., BONNIN, J. M., RUBINSTEIN, L. J. & MARANGOS, P. J. (1984a) Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the central nervous system and other tissues.Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 108, 536–40.
VINORES, S. A., HERMAN, M. M. & RUBINSTEIN, L. J. (1986) Electron-immunocytochemical localization of neuronspecific enolase in cytoplasm and on membranes of primary and metastic cerebral tumours and on glial filaments of glioma cells.Histopathology 101, 891–908.
VINORES, S. A., HERMAN, M. M., RUBINSTEIN, L. J. & MARANGOS, P. J. (1984b) Electron microscopic localization of neuron-specific enolase in rat and mouse brain.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 32, 1295–302.
VINORES, S. A., MARANGOS, P. J., BONNIN, J. M. & RUBINSTEIN, L. J. (1984c) Immunoradiometric and immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in experimental rat gliomas.Cancer Res. 44, 2595–9.
VINORES, S. A. & RUBINSTEIN, L. J. (1985) Simultaneous expression of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) by the same reactive or neoplastic astrocytes.Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 11, 349–59.
WATSON, M. L. (1958) Staining of tissue sections for electron microscopy with heavy metals.J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 4, 475–9.
WICK, M. R., SCHEITHAUER, B. W. & KOVACS, K. (1983) Neuron-specific enolase in neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus, bronchus, and skin.Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 79, 703–7.
ZOMZELY-NEURATH, C. E. & WALKER, W. A. (1980) Nervous system-specific proteins: 14-3-2 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and S-100 protein. InProteins of the Nervous System, 2nd edn. (edited by BRADSHAW, R. A. and SCHNEIDER, D. M.) pp. 1–57. New York: Raven Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vinores, S.A., Herman, M.M. & Rubinstein, L.J. Localization of neuron-specific (γγ) enolase in proliferating (supportive and neoplastic) Schwann cells. An immunohisto- and electron-immunocyto-chemical study of ganglioneuroblastoma and schwannomas. Histochem J 19, 439–448 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675755
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01675755