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Necrosis of intraabdominal esophagus and proximal third of the stomach after proximal gastric vagotomy and fundoplication

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Abstract

Lesser curve necrosis is a rare but known complication of proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV). Incidence seems to increase when PGV is combined with fundoplication. In reports of this complication, the necrosis was of various sizes, but generally limited to the lesser curve. We report a 54-year-old patient with hiatus hernia, severe peptic esophagitis, and increased acid output who developed necrosis of the whole intraabdominal esophagus, cardia, and proximal third of the stomach after PGV and fundoplication with division of several short gastric vessels. A proximal gastric resection with intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis had to be performed. After drainage of a subphrenic abscess, the patient made a complete recovery.

When combining PGV with a fundoplication, an increased risk of necrosis of the stomach must be considered. Division of the short gastric arteries should be avoided and the original Nissen fundoplication is preferred.

Résumé

La nécrose de la petite courbure est une complication rare mais bien individualisée de la vagotomie ultrasélective (VUS). Sa fréquence augmente, semble-t-il, quand on y associe une fundoplicature. Dans la littérature, on trouve des lésions de nécrose qui varient en taille, mais sont généralement limitées à la petite courbure. Nous rapportons le cas d'un homme de 54 ans présentant une hernie hiatale et une oesophagite peptique sévère avec hyperacidité qui, après VUS et fundoplicature avec section des vaisseaux courts, a développé une nécrose de l'oesophage abdominal, du cardia et du tiers proximal de l'estomac. La gastrectomie proximale avec anastomose oesogastrique intrathoracique s'est compliquée d'un abcès sousphrénique qui a dû être drainé chirurgicalement pour obtenir la guérison.

Il faut garder présent à l'esprit le risque accru de nécrose de l'estomac quand on propose une VUS avec fundoplicature. Il faut alors éviter de sectionner les vaisseaux courts et pratiquer la fundoplicature selon la technique de Nissen.

Resumen

La necrosis de la curvatura menor es una complicación rara pero bien conocida de la vagotomía gástrica proximal (VGP). La incidencia parece aumentarse cuando se combina la VGP con fundoplicación. En diferentes reportes sobre esta complicación, la necrosis fue de variada magnitud, pero generalmente limitada a la curvatura menor. En este artículo informamos el caso de un paciente de 54 años con hernia hiatal, esofagitis péptica severa, y acidez aumentada, quien desarrolló necrosis de la totalidad del esófago intraabdominal, cardias, y tercio proximal del estómago después de VGP con fundoplicación y división de varios de los vasos cortos del estómago. Fue necesario realizar una resección gástrica proximal con anastomosis esofagogástrica intratorácica. Una vez drenado un absceso subfrénico el paciente hizo una buena recuperation.

Al combinar la VGP con fundoplicación debe tenerse en consideración un aumento en el riesgo de necrosis del estómago. Se debe evitar la división de los vasos cortos del estómago y dar preferencia a la fundoplicación original de Nissen.

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Ackermann, C., Müller, C. & Harder, F. Necrosis of intraabdominal esophagus and proximal third of the stomach after proximal gastric vagotomy and fundoplication. World J. Surg. 14, 133–134 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01670565

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