Summary
Using a centrifuge microscope with stroboscopic illumination, we examined the effects of light irradiation on the passive movement of chloroplasts in dark-adapted mesophyll cells ofVallisneria gigantea. While irradiation with red light accelerates the passive gliding of chloroplasts produced by centrifugal force, irradiation with far-red light negates this effect. Irradiation with blue light does not accelerate the passive gliding, while red light is completely effective even in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, an inhibitor of photosynthesis. An apparently active movement of chloroplasts can be induced by irradiation with red or blue light only in the presence of the far-red light-absorbing form of phytochrome. The significance of the reaction in the light with respect to the regulation of cytoplasmic streaming is discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- APW:
-
artificial pond water
- CMS:
-
centrifuge microscope of the stroboscopic type
- DCMU:
-
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- Pfr:
-
phytochrome, far-red light-absorbing form
- Pr:
-
phytochrome, red light-absorbing form
References
Haupt W (1982) Light-mediated movement of chloroplasts. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 33: 205–233
Ishigami M, Nagai R (1980) Motile apparatus inVallisneria leaf cells. II. Effects of cytochalasin B and lead acetate on the rate and direction of streaming. Cell Struct Funct 5: 13–20
Izutani Y, Takagi S, Nagai R (1990) Orientation movements of chloroplasts inVallisneria epidermal cells: different effects of light at low- and high-fluence rate. Photochem Photobiol 51: 105–111
Kamitsubo E, Kikuyama M, Kaneda I (1988) Apparent viscosity of the endoplasm of characean internodal cells measured by the centrifuge method. Protoplasma [Suppl 1]: 10–14
—, Ohashi Y, Kikuyama M (1989) Cytoplasmic streaming in internodal cells ofNitella under centrifugal acceleration: a study done with a newly constructed centrifuge microscope. Protoplasma 152: 148–155
Kamiya N (1959) Protoplasmic streaming. Springer, Wien New York [Heilbrunn LV, Weber F (eds) Protoplasmatologia, vol VIII/3 a]
Kaneda I, Kamitsubo E, Hiramoto Y (1990) The mechanical structure of the cytoplasm of the echinoderm egg determined by “gold particle method” using a centrifuge microscope. Dev Growth Diff 32: 15–22
Oiwa K, Chaen S, Kamitsubo E, Shimmen T, Sugi H (1990) Steadystate force-velocity relation in the ATP-dependent sliding movement of myosin-coated beads on actin cables in vitro studied with a centrifuge microscope. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 7893–7897
Seitz K (1967) Wirkungsspektren für die Starklichtbewegung der Chloroplasten, die Photodinese und die lichtabhängige Viskositätsänderung beiVallisneria spiralis ssp.torta. Z Pflanzenphysiol 56: 246–261
— (1987) Light-dependent movement of chloroplasts in higher plant cells. Acta Physiol Plant 9: 137–148
Stålfelt MG (1955) The protoplasmic viscosity of terrestrial plants and its sensitivity to light. Protoplasma 55: 285–292
Takagi S, Nagai R (1983) Regulation of cytoplasmic streaming inVallisneria mesophyll cells. J Cell Sci 62: 385–405
— — (1985) Light-controlled cytoplasmic streaming inVallisneria mesophyll cells. Plant Cell Physiol 26: 941–951
— — (1986) Intracellular Ca2+ concentration and cytoplasmic streaming inVallisneria mesophyll cells. Plant Cell Physiol 27: 953–959
— — (1988) Light-affected Ca2+ fluxes in protoplasts fromVallisneria mesophyll cells. Plant Physiol 88: 228–232
—, Kamitsubo E, Nagai R (1989) Light action on chloroplast behavior under centrifugal acceleration. In: Tazawa M, Katsumi M, Masuda Y, Okamoto H (eds) Plant water relations and growth under stress. MYU, Tokyo, pp 455–457
— — — (1991) Light-induced changes in the behavior of chloroplasts under centrifugation inVallisneria epidermal cells. J Plant Physiol 138: 257–262
—, Yamamoto KT, Furuya M, Nagai R (1990) Cooperative regulation of cytoplasmic streaming and Ca2+ fluxes by Pfr and photosynthesis inVallisneria mesophyll cells. Plant Physiol 94: 1702–1708
Tanada T (1968 a) A rapid photoreversible response of barley root tips in the presence of 3-indoleacetic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 59: 376–380
— (1968b) Substances essential for a red, far-red light reversible attachment of mung bean root tips to glass. Plant Physiol 43: 2070–2071
Tazawa M (1968) Motive force of the cytoplasmic streaming inNitella. Protoplasma 65: 207–222
Tominaga Y, Kuchitsu K, Katsuhara M, Tazawa M, Miyachi S (1991) Cytoplasmic alkalization and cytoplasmic streaming induced by light and histidine in leaf cells ofEgeria densa: in vivo31P-NMR study. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 261–268
Virgin HI (1954) Further studies of the action spectrum for light-induced changes in the protoplasmic viscosity ofElodea densa. Physiol Plant 7: 343–353
— (1987) Effects of red, far-red and blue light on the viscosity of the cytoplasm of wheat leaf cells. Physiol Plant 70: 203–208
Yunghans H, Jaffe MJ (1970) Phytochrome controlled adhesion of mung bean root tips to glass: a detailed characterization of the phenomenon. Physiol Plant 23: 1004–1016
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takagi, S., Kamitsubo, E. & Nagai, R. Visualization of a rapid, red/far-red light-dependent reaction by centrifuge microscopy. Protoplasma 168, 153–158 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01666261
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01666261