Summary
This paper describes the initial immunochemical characterization of specific macrophage-arming factor (SMAF). SMAF is an antigen-specific factor that is released by (sensitized) T lymphocytes after contact with the specific antigen. It renders macrophages specifically cytotoxic. The specificity is dependent on the tumor-mouse combination. In allogeneic systems the specificity is H-2-directed, whereas in the syngeneic systems the specificity is tumor-specific. SMAF has a molecular mass of 65–85 kDa (established by gel filtration). By affinity chromatography SMAF could not be adsorbed with anti-(κ + λ light chain) immunoglobulins or anti-IgG from SMAF-containing supernatants. SMAF could be adsorbed with the monoclonal antibody 14–30 (directed against specific T-cell factors), and could be eluted from columns containing the latter. Furthermore, SMAF could also be adsorbed with and eluted from affinity chromatography columns to which specific tumor cell membranes or KCl extracts of these tumor cell membranes were coupled. Other tumor cell membranes could not adsorb SMAF. Together these data show that SMAF is not an antibody but a T-cell factor with an antigen-specific recognition site.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Askenase PW, Van Loveren H (1985) Delayed-type-hypersensitivity: activation of mast cells by antigen specific T-cell factors initiates the cascade of cellular interactions. Immunol Today 4: 259
De Groot JW, De Weger RA, Vandebriel RJ, Den Otter W (1989) Differences in the induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by the specific T-lymphocyte factor SMAF and the lymphokine MAF. Immunobiology (in press)
Den Otter W, Evans R, Alexander P (1972) Cytotoxicity of murine peritoneal macrophages in tumor allograft immunity. Transplantation 14: 220
De Weger RA (1987) The initiation of immune reactions to tumor cells. Res Monogr Immunol 11: 41
De Weger RA, Den Otter W (1986) Induction of specific macrophage cytotoxicity. Methods Enzymol 132: 531
De Weger RA, Pels E, Den Otter W (1982) The induction of lymphocytes with the capacity to render macrophages cytotoxic in an allogeneic murine system. Immunology 47: 541
De Weger RA, Van Loveren H, De Groot JW, Rangarajan R, Den Otter W (1986) Lymphocyte-induced macrophage cytotoxicity. III. Induction of specific macrophage cytotoxicity is independent of lipopolysaccharide. Immunobiology 171: 170
De Weger RA, Dullens HFJ, De Boer RJ, Den Otter W (1985) Mathematical analysis of the cellular immune reaction against tumour cells. Immunol Today 6: 316
De Weger RA, Runhaar EA, Den Otter W (1986) Cytotoxicity by macrophages and monocytes. Methods Enzymol 132: 458
De Weger RA, Wilbrink B, Moberts RMP, Mans D, Oskam R, Den Otter W (1987) Immune reactivity in SL2 lymphomabearing mice compared with SL2 immunized mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 24: 25
Dingemans KP, Pels E, Van Dongen G, Den Otter W (1983) Destruction of murine lymphoma cells by allogeneic peritoneal macrophages in vitro: influence of antisera. J Natl Cancer Inst 70: 181
Dullens HFJ, De Weger RA, Van der Maas M, Den Besten PJ, Vandebriel RJ, Den Otter W (1989) Production of specific macrophage arming factor (SMAF) precedes CTL-activity in vivo during tumor rejection. Cancer Immunol Immunother 30: 28–33
Evans R, Alexander P (1971) Cooperation of immune lymphoid cells with macrophages in tumour immunity. Nature 228: 620
Ferguson TA, Iverson GM (1986) Isolation and characterization of an antigen-specific suppressor inducer molecule from serum of hyperimmune mice using a monoclonal antibody. J Immunol 136: 2896
Horowitz M, Argyris BF (1977) Arming of macrophages with lymphocytes from mice immunized with tumor tissue. Immunol Commun 6: 297
Lohmann-Matthes ML, Ziegler FG, Meerpohl HG (1973) Macrophage cytotoxicity factor. A product of in vitro sensitized thymus dependent cells. Eur J Immunol 3: 56
Lohmann-Matthes ML, Lang H, Sun DM, Kniep E, Kickhöfen B (1981) Macrophage activation to cytotoxicity by macrophage cytotoxicity (activating) factor (MCF, MAF). Lymphokines 3: 365
Los G, De Weger RA, Moberts RMP, Van Loveren H, Sakkers RJ, Den Otter W (1987) The absence of delayed type hypersensitivity reactivity in a syngeneic murine tumor system. Immunology 62: 89
Pels E, Den Otter W (1974) The role of a cytophylic factor from challenged immune peritoneal lymphocytes in specific macrophage cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 34: 3089
Pels E, De Weger RA, Den Otter W (1984) Lymphocyte induced macrophage cytotoxicity. Characterization of the macrophage cytotoxicity inducing lymphocyte. Immunobiology 166: 84
Pels E, De Weger RA, Den Otter W (1984) Lymphocyte induced macrophage cytotoxicity. Production of specific macrophage arming factor by sensitized Lyt 1+2+ T-lymphocytes. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 74: 140
Peterson GL (1977) A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al., which is more generally applicable. Anal Biochem 83: 346
Ptak W, Gershon RK, Rosenstein RW, Murray JH, Cone RE (1983) Purification and characterization of TNP-specific immunoregulatory molecules produced by T-cells sensitized by picrylchloride (PClF). J Immunol 131: 2859
Vandebriel RJ, De Weger RA, Los G, Van Loveren H, Wiegers GJ, Oude Weernink PA, Den Otter W (1989) Two specific T-cell factors that initiate immune responses in murine allograft systems. A comparison of biological functions. J Immunol (in press)
Van Loveren H, Meade R, Askenase PW (1983) An early component of delayed type hypersensitivity mediated by T-cells and mast cells. J Exp Med 157: 1604
Van Loveren H, Den Otter W, Meade R, Terheggen PMAB, Askenase PW (1985) A role for mast cells and the vasoactive amine serotonin in T-cell dependent immunity to tumors. J Immunol 134: 1292
Van Loveren H, De Weger RA, Garssen J, Los G, Askenase PW (1989) Impairment of allograft immunity by isotype-like suppression of antigen specific T-cell factors. Transplantation 47: 504
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Weger, R.A., Vandebriel, R.J., Slager, H. et al. Initial immunochemical characterization of specific macrophage-arming factor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 30, 21–27 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01665026
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01665026