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The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the outcome after lower limb arterial surgery with special reference to cigarette smoking

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Abstract

A prospective controlled study of 144 patients with peripheral obstructive arterial disease was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment (250 mg daily) on the outcome after lower limb arterial surgery which mainly involved endarterectomy. By random enrollment, 2 groups of 72 patients were formed after the surgery. Patients with ASA treatment for 3 months, starting from the seventh postoperative day, were compared with patients who were not treated with ASA. The patients in both groups had similar characteristics as to sex ratio, age, concomitant diseases, preoperative arm-ankle systolic blood pressure index, and type and primary success of the reconstruction. Forty-seven of the ASA-treated and 48 of the untreated patients reported to continue cigarette smoking. Postoperative ASA-treatment protected against local adverse events which occurred in 15 patients (21%) of the ASA-treated group compared with 31 patients (43%) of the untreated group (p<0.01). Among heavy smokers (>15 cigarettes/day) the efficacy of antiplatelet treatment was not detectable. These results imply that, in patients with peripheral arterial disease, ASA prevents platelet interaction to endarterectomized and atherosclerotic lower limb arteries thereby affecting the subsequent risk of occlusion; however, heavy cigarette smoking, which is very common among patients with peripheral arterial disease, counteracts the local antithrombotic potency of ASA.

Résumé

L'effet de l'administration de 250 mg d'acide acétyl-salicilique (AAS) par jour sur les résultats de chirurgie artérielle des membres inférieurs, le plus souvent endartériectomie, a été évalué par une étude prospective et contrôlée chez 144 patients ayant une maladie occlusive artérielle périphérique. Deux groupes de 72 patients ont été formés par randomisation, l'un traité par l'AAS pendant trois mois à partir du 7ème jour post-opératoire, l'autre sans ce traitement. Les deux groupes étaient similaires quant au sexe ratio, l'âge, les maladies concomitantes, l'index systolique bras-cheville pré-opératoire, le type et la perméabilité primaire de l'intervention. Quarante-sept des patients traités et 48 des patients sans traitement ont continué de fumer. Il y a eu 15 patients (21%) dans le groupe AAS qui ont eu une complication, comparés à 31 patients (43%) dans le groupe non traité (p<0.01). Il n'y avait pas de différence des résultats parmi les patients qui fumaient plus de 15 cigarettes par jour. Les résultats impliquent que l'AAS chez l'endartériectomisé ou le patient avec des artères athérosclérotiques prévient l'interaction plaquettaire et que ce traitement influe sur le risque d'obstruction vasculaire. Cependant, la consommation élevée du tabac, qui est souvent plus importante chez le patient avec maladie artérielle périphérique contrebalance les effets locaux d'AAS.

Resumen

Se emprendió un estudio prospectivo y controlado sobre 144 pacientes con enfermedad arterial obstructiva periférica con el fin de evaluar la eficacia del ácido acetil salicílico (ASA) en el resultado final después de cirugía arterial sobre la extremidad inferior, principalmente endarterectomía. Se constituyeron, después de la cirugía y mediante randomización, 2 grupos de 72 pacientes cada uno. Los pacientes tratados con ASA por 3 meses, comenzando en el séptimo día portoperatorio, fueron comparados con los pacientes que no recibieron ASA. Los pacientes en los 2 grupos tuvieron las mismas características en cuanto a sexo, edad, enfermedades concomitantes, índice preoperatorio de presión sistólica brazo-tobillo y tipo y éxito primario de la reconstrucción. Cuarenta y siete de los pacientes tratados con ASA y 48 de los no tratados continuaron fumando cigarrillo. El tratamiento postoperatorio con ASA protegió contra los efectos locales adversos, que se presentaron en 15 casos (21%), en comparación con 31 casos (43%) en el grupo que no fue tratado con ASA (p<0.01). Entre los fumadores empedernidos (>15 cigarrillos/día) no apareció evidente la eficacia del tratamiento antiplaquetario. Estos resultados implican que en pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica el ASA previene las interreacciones plaquetarias en las arterias endarterectomizados y arterioscleróticas de los miembros inferiores, con lo cual se reduce el riesgo de oclusión consecuente. Sin embargo, el hábito intenso de fumar, que es muy común en los pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica, anula la potencia antitrombocítica local del ASA.

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Lassila, R., Lepäntalo, M. & Lindfors, O. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the outcome after lower limb arterial surgery with special reference to cigarette smoking. World J. Surg. 15, 378–382 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658734

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