Abstract
A marked change toward a more conservative approach in the treatment of abdominal trauma has been noted, especially during the last decade. This change in regimen was first seen in the handling of splenic trauma, initiated by pediatric surgeons. Later, the concept of conservative management was also introduced among adults and it is now widely accepted. Here, an almost mandatory splenectomy has been replaced by attempts at various forms of splenic salvage. The development followed an initial report by King and Shumacker in 1952 [1] on an increased susceptibility to overwhelming sepsis in splenectomized children, findings which later also were demonstrated among adults [2, 3]. It has also been shown that the bleeding from intraparenchymal lesions with an intact splenic capsule or minor capsular tears frequently ceases spontaneously, hereby making nonoperative management possible in selective cases [4, 5].
Résumé
On a constaté, ces dix dernières années surtout, une tendance très nette à adopter une attitude plus conservatrice dans le traitement des traumatismes de l'abdomen. On a observé cette démarche nouvelle d'abord dans le traitement des traumatismes de la rate, à l'instigation des chirurgiens pédiatriques. Puis la notion de traitement conservateur s'est étendue également aux adultes et est à ce jour reconnue de tous. Nous avons remplacé ici une splénectomie quasiment impérative par des essais de différentes formes de conservation de la rate. Le développement de ce processus est consécutif à un premier rapport de King et Shumacker en 1952 [1] sur l'augmentation de risque de septicémie généralisée chez les enfants splénectomisés, fait démontré plus tard également chez l'adulte [2, 3]. On a aussi prouvé que le saignement de lésions intraparenchymateuses, alors que la capsule splénique est intacte ou qu'il n'y a que des déchirements capsulaires infimes, régresse en général spontanément, rendant ainsi possible un traitement non opératoire dans des cas électifs [4, 5].
Resumen
Es evidente el cambio que se ha producido en el tratamiento del trauma abdominal, especialmente en el curso de la última década. Tal cambio fue iniciado por los cirujanos pediátricos con el manejo del trauma esplénico; ulteriormente se introdujo el concepto del manejo conservador en los adultos, el cual es hoy ampliamente aceptado. En consecuencia, la esplenectomía, previamente considerado como prácticamente obligatoria, ha venido a ser reemplazada por diversas modalidades de salvamento esplénico. Este desarrollo se ha producido a partir de un reporte por King y Shumacker hecho en 1952 [1] sobre una aumentada susceptibilidad a la sepsis fulminante en niños esplenectomizados, fenómeno que luego tambien fue demostrado en los adultos [2, 3]. También se ha demostrado que el sangrado proveniente de lesiones del bazo con su cápsula intacta o con mínimas laceraciones capsulares tiende a cesar espontáneamente, por lo cual el manejo no operatorio se hace posible en casos seleccionados [4, 5].
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Andersson, R., Bengmark, S. Conservative treatment of liver trauma. World J. Surg. 14, 483–486 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658672
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658672